58 THE POSTPOSITION.
The teacHer has ap- P
Observe that the nominative use has developed out of the genitive. For instance, the etymological sense of Kane ga nai is "The not-being of money;" that of Sensei ga miemashlta is " The having-apppeared of the teacher." Originally none of these sentences with ga were predicative ; but modern usage has made them so, just as (to borrow an apt illustration from Mr. Aston) the incomplete sentences of an English telegram or advertisement convey a predicative sense to the mind of the reader.
IF 93. III. When found at the end of a clause, ga has an adversative force, of which " whereas " is the most literal English equivalent, but which is generally best rendered in practice by prefixing " yet " or " but " to the following clause. Sometimes the adversative force is softened down to a mere intimation of discontinuity between two successive states or actions, and then ga must be trans- lated by " and so " or " and."
Shina wa yoroshiu gozaimasu} r~, . .
-ror, good i* rhe article is a
ga,~ nedan ga osoroshii tooU ood one ' but the
whereas, price (nom.) frightful dear fprice is frightfully
gozaimasu. dear.
is. )
Yama-michi de hi wa It t d _-,
Mountain-road , day as-for
11., we were on the
kuremashita ga, tsure ga
darkened whereas, companions (nom.) mountain Side ', but,
ozei datta kara, ki-jobu
crowd were because, spirit-sturdy
deshlta.
felt no alarm.
were.
as we were several of us together, we
