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This work is in the public domain in Russia according to article 6 of Law No. 231-FZ of the Russian Federation of December 18, 2006; the Implementation Act for Book IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation:
- it was anonymously published before January 1, 1954 (more than 70 years ago).
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was first published outside the United States (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days), and it was first published before 1989 without complying with U.S. copyright formalities (renewal and/or copyright notice) and it was in the public domain in its home country on the URAA date (January 1, 1996 for most countries). This work was in the public domain in Russia on the URAA date January 1, 1996, according to the Law 09.07.1993 No 5351-1 which was enacted on that date:
- it was anonymously published before January 1, 1946 (more than 50 years ago from 1/1/1996).
This anonymous or pseudonymous work is also in the public domain in other countries and areas where the copyright term of anonymous or pseudonymous works is 91 years or less since publication.
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