PART ONE. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES[edit]

Chapter I FEDERAL PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA Article 1 The Federation People's Republic of Yugoslavia is a federal people's state republican in form ,a community of peoples equal in rights who, on the basis of the right of self-determination, including the right of secession have expressed their will to live together in a federated state. Article 2 The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia composed of the People's Republic of Serbia, the People's Republic of Croatia, the People's Republic of Slovenia ,the People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the People's Republic of Macedonia and the People's Republic of Montenegro . The People's Republic of Serbia has within its complex the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and the Autonomous Kosovo-Me- tohia Region. Article 3 The State coat of arms of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia represents a field encircled by ears of wheat. At the base the ears are tied with a ribbon on which is incribed the date 29-XI-1943. Between the tops of the ears is a five-pointed star. In the centre of the field five torches are laid obliquely, their several flames merging into a single flame. Article 4 The State flag of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia consists of three colours: blue, white and red, with a red five-pointed star in the middle. The ratio of the width to the length of the flag is as one to two. The colours of the flag are placed horizon tally in the following order from above: blue, white and red. Each colour covers one third of the flag's width. The star has a regular five-pointed shape and a gold (yellow) border. The central point of the star coincides with the intersection point of the diagonals of the flag. The. upmost point of the star reaches half way up the blue field of the flag, so that the lower points of the star occupy corresponding positions in the red field of the flag. Article 5 The capital of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia is Beograd.

Chapter II THE STATE AUTHORITY OF THE PEOPLE Article 6 All authority in the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia emanates from the people and belongs to the people. The people exercises its authority through freely elected repre sentative organs of state authority, the People's Committees, which, from local People's Committees to the assemblies of the people's republics and the People's Assembly of the FPRY, originated and developed during the struggle for national liberation against fascism and reaction, and are the fundamental achievement of that struggle. Article 7 All the representative organs of state authority are elected by the citizens of the basis of universal ,equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot. The people's representatives in all organs of state authority are responsible to their electors. It shall be determind by law in which cases, under what conditions and in what way the electors may recall their representatives even before the end of the period for which they were elected. Article 8 The organs of state authority exercise their authority on the basis of the Constitution of the FPRY, the constitutions of the people's republics, the laws and the general regulations issued by the higher organs of state authority. All acts of the state administration and judiciary organs must be founded on law.

Chapter III FUNDAMETAL RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLES AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLICS Article 9 The sovereignty of the people's republics composing the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia is limited only by the rights which by thes Constitution are conferred on the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia protects and defends the sovereign rights of the people's republics. The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia protects the security and the social and political order of the people's republics. Article 10 Any act directed against the sovereignty, equality and national freedom of the peoples of the Federal People's Republic of Yugosla via and their people's republics is contrary to the Constitution. Article 11 Each people's republic has its own Constitution. Each people's republic draws up its Constitution independently. The Constitution of a people's republic reflects the special cha racteristics of the republic and must be in conformity with the Con stitution of the FPRY. Article 12 The People's Assembly of the FPRY determines the boundaries between the people's republics. The boundaries of a people's republics cannot be altered without its consent. Article 13 National minorities in the Federal People's Republic of Yugo slavia enjoy the right to and protection of their own cultural develop ment and the free use of their own language.

Chapter IV SOCIAL-ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION Article 14 The means of production in the Federal Peoeple's Republic of Yugoslavia are either all-people property, i.e. property in the hands of the State, or the property of the people's Co-operalive organizations, or the property of private physical and legal persons. All mineral and other wealth undeground, the waters, including mineral and medical waters, the sources of natural power, the means The means of production in the hands of the state are exploited by the state itself or delegated by it to others for exploitation. Foreign trade is under the control of the state. Article 15 In order to protect the vital interests of the people, to further the people's prosperity and the right use of all economic resources and forces, the State directs the economic life and development of the country in accordance with a general economic plan, relying on the State and co-operative economic sectors, and exercising general supervision over the private economic sector. In carrying out the general economic plan and economic super vision, the State shall rely on the co-operation of the Trades-Union organizations of workmen and office employees and other organizations of the working people. Article 16 All-people property shall be the mainstay of the State in the development of the national economy. All-people property is under the special protection of the state. The administration and disposition of all-people property shall be determined by law. Article 17 The state devotes special attention to the people's Co-operative organizations and offers them assistance and facilities. Article 18 Private ownership and private enterprise in the economy are guaranteed. The inheritance of private property is guaranteed. The right of inheritance is regulated by law. No person is permitted to use the right of private ownership to the detriment of the people's community. The existence of private monopolist organizations such as cartels, syndicates, trusts and similar organizations created for the purpose of dictating prices, monopolizing the market and damaging the interests of the national economy, is forbidden. Private property may be limited or expropriated if the common interest so requires, but only in accordance with the law. It will be determined by law in which cases and to what extent the owner shall be compensated. Under the same conditions individual branches of national eco- conomy or single enterprises may be nationalized by law if the com mon interest requires it. Article 19 The land belongs to those who cultivate it. The law determines whether and how much land may be owned by an institution or a person who is not an agriculturist. There may be no large land-holdings in private hands on any basis whatsoever. The maximum size of private land-holdings shall be determined by law.The State shall particularly protect and assist poor peasants and peasants with mediumsized holdings through it general economic policy, its credits at low rates of interest and its tax system. Article 20 By economic and other measurs the State shall assist the working people to unite and organize themselves for their protection against economic exploitation. The State protects the workers and office employees, especially by ensuring to them the right of association, by limiting the working day, by ensuring the right to paid annual holidays, by controlling working conditions, by devoting attention to housing con ditions and social insurance. Minors in employment shall enjoy the special protection of the State. Chapter V THE RIGHT AND DUTIES OF CITIZENS Artixle 21 All citizens of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia are equal before the law and enjoy equal rights regardless of nationality, race or creed. No privileges by birth, position, property status, or degree of education are recognized. Any act granting privileges to citizens or limiting their rights on grounds of difference of nationality, race or creed, or any propa gation of national, racial or relegious hatred or discord are contrary to the Constitution and punishable. Article 22 The citizens of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia are bound to comply with the Constitution and laws. Article 23 All citizens, regardless of sex, nationality, race, creed, degree of education or place of residence who are over 18 years of age have the right to elect and be elected to all organs of state authority. Citizens in the ranks of the Yugoslav Army shall have the same right to elect and be elected as other citizens. Suffrage shall be universal, equal and direct, and it shall be carried out by secret ballot. Sufrage shall not be enjoyed by persons under guardianship, persons deprived of electoral rights by sentence of a court of law for the duration of the sentence, and persons who have lost their electoral rights in accordance with Federal law. Article 24 Women shall have equal rights with men in all fields of State, economic and social-political life. Women shall have right to the same pay as that received by men for the same work, and as workers or office employees they shall enjoy special protection. The State shall especially protect the interests of mothers and children by the establishing maternity hospitals, children's homes and day-nurseries and by ensuring the right of mothers to leave with pay- before and after child-birth. , Article 25 The freedom of conscience and the freedom of religion shall be guaranteed to citizens. The Church shall be separated from the State. Religious communities, whose teaching is not contrary to the Constitution, shall be free in their religious affairs and in the per formance of religious rites. Religious shools for the education of priests shall be free to perform their functions arid shall be under the general supervision of the State. The abuse of the Church and of religion for political purposes and the existence of political organizations on a religious basis shall be forbidden. The State may extend material assistance to religious com munities. Article 26 Matrimony and the family shall be under the protection of the State. The State shall regulate by law the legal relations of marriage and the family. A marriage shall be valid only if contracted before the com petent State organs. After the marriage, citizens may go trough a religious wedding ceremony. All matrimonial disputes shall be within the jurisdiction of the people's courts. Parents shall have the same obligations and duties to children born out of wedlock, as to those born in wedlock. The status of children born out of wedlock shall be regulated by law. Registration of births, marriages and deaths shall be conducted by the State. Minors shall be under the special protection of the State. Article 27 Citizens shall be guaranteed the freedom of the press, the freedom of speech, the freedom of association, the freedom of as sembly, the freedom to hold public meetings and manifestations. Article 28 Citizens shall be guaranteed inviolability of person. No person may be detained under arrest for longer than three days without the written and motivated decision of a court of law or of a public prosecutor. The longest period of arrest shall be deter mined by law. No person may be punished for a criminal offence except by sentence of a competent Court in accordance with the law establishing the competence of the Court and defining the offence. Punishments may be determined and pronounced only in accordance with the law. No person, if within the reach of the State authorities, may be tried without being given a lawful hearing and duly invited to defend himself.Punishments for infringements of legal prescriptions may be pronounced by the organs of the State Administration only within the limits set by law. No citizen of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia may be banished from the country. Only in the cases defined by law may a citizen be expelled from his domicile. Federal law shall determine in which cases and in which mode citizens of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia may be deprived of their citizenship. Citizens of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in foreign countries shall enjoy the protection of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. Article 29 The dwelling shall be inviolable. No person may enter another person's dwelling or premises, or search them against the occupant's will without a legal search-warrant. A search may only be made in the presence of two witnesses. The occupant of the premises has the right to be present during the search of his dwelling or premises. Article 30 The privacy of letters and other means of communication shall be inviolable except in cases of criminal enquiry, mobilization or war. 82 Article 31 Foreign citizens persecuted for their efforts on behalf of the principles of democracy, national liberation, the rights of the working people or the freedom of scientific and cultural work, shall enjoy the right of asylum in the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. Article 32 It is the duty of every citizen to work according to his capabi lities; he who does not contribute to the community cannot receive from it. Article 33 All public offices shall be equally accessible to all citizens in accordance with the conditions of the law. It is the duty of citizens to perform conscientiously the public functions to which they have been elected or which were entrusted to them. Article 34 Defence of the fatherland shall be the supreme duty and honour of every citizen. High treason shall be the worst crime against the people. Military service shall be universal for all citizens. Article 35 The State shall ensure a decent living and free vocational train ing to disabled ex-servicemen. The children of fallen soldiers and of war-victims shall be under the special care of the State. Article 36 The State shall promote the improvement of public health by organizing and controlling health services, hospitals, pharmacies, sa natoria, nursing and convalescent homes and other health institutions. The State shall devote attention to the physical education of the people, especially of young people, in order to improve the health and the working capacity of the people and increase the power of defence of the state. Article 37 The freedom of scientific and artistic work shall be assured. The State shall assist science and art with a view to developing the people's culture and prosperity. Copyright shall be protected by law. Article 38 In order to raise the general cultural standard of the people, the State shall ensure the accessibility of schools and other educational and cultural institutions to all classes of the people. 6* 83 The State shall pay special attention to the young and protect their education. Schools shall be State controlled. The founding of private schools may be permitted only by law and their work shall be under State supervision. Elementary education shall be compulsory and free. The school shall be separated from the Church. Article 39 Citizens shall have the right to address requests and petitions to the organs of State authority. Citizens shall have the right to appeal against the decisions of the organs of the State administration and the irregular proceedings on the part of official persons. The procedure for lodging an appeal will be prescribed by law. Article 40 Every citizen shall have the right to file a suit against official persons before a competent tribunal for criminal acts committed by them in their official work. Article 41 Subject to conditions prescribed by law, citizens shall have the right to seek indemnity from the state and from official persons for damage resulting from the illegal or irregular discharge of official functions. Article 42 All citizens shall pay taxes in proportion to their economic ca pacity.Public taxes and duties and exemption from them shall be established only by law. Article 43 With a view to safeguarding the civil liberties and the democra tic organization of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, established by this Constitution, it is declared illegal and punishable to make use of civil rights in order to change or undermine te consti tutional order for anti-democratic purposes.

PART TWO. ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE[edit]

Chapter VI. THE FEDERAL PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLICS[edit]

Article I The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia is a socialist de mocratic federal state of sovereing peoples equal in rights. Article 2 All state authority in the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia shall be vested in the working people. The working people shall exercise state authority and manage social affairs through their representatives in the People's Committees and the People's Assemblies, in the Workers' Councils and in other self-governing organs, as well as directly by way of election, recall, the referendum ,the assemblies of voters, councils of citizens, the participation of the citizens in administration and the judicature, and by way of other forms of direct government. Article 3 The People's Committees shall be the basic organs of State authority of the working people and the highest organs of state authority of the Commune, Town and District. Only the rights which were established by the Federal Constitution shall belong to the Federation, and only the rights established by the Republican Constitution to the People's Republics. Article 4 Social ownership of the means of production, the self-gowern- ment of the producers in the economy and the self-government of the basis of the social and political organization of the country. The self-government of the working people in the fields of education, culture and social services in guaranteed. The self-government of the producers and the working people shall be exercised in accordance with the general social interests expressed in the law and in other decisions of the representative bodies of the working people — the People's Assemblies and the People's Committees. Article 5 The following are guaranteed: Free association of the working people for the realization of democratic political, economic, social, scientific, cultural, artistic, technical, sporting arid other common interests; Personal freedoms and other fundamental rights of Man and Citizen ; The right of work. Article 6 The self-government of the producers in the economy shall con sist particularly: In the right of the working collectives to manage their economic organizations directly and through the Worker's Councils, the Confe rences of Agricultural Co-operatives and other representative organs elected and recalled by themselves; In the right of the producers to be elected to the representative bodies of economic organizations; In the right of the economic organization to establish its eco nomic plans independently; the right of the economic organization, upon fulfilment of its social obligations, to dispose independently of the income of the organization, in which the statutory minimum shall be guaranteed to the organization; the right of the economic orga nization to determine, within the limits of its income, the earnings of the workers, in which the workers in economic enterprises shall be guaranteed the statutory minimum earnings from social resources; In the right of the producers to establish through their repre sentatives in the Councils of Producers the material resources which shall be allocated toward meeting the social needs and to decide concerning the utilization of these resources. The producers shall exercise the self-governing rights on the basis of the Constitutions and laws, and within the framework of social plans. The working collectives shall acquire the self-governing rights by the very act of founding the economic organization. Article 7 The self-government of the working people in the Commune, Town and District shall consist particularly:s in the People's Committee of the Commune and in the District and Town Council, as well as in the right of the producers to elect and recall their representatives in the Council of Producers of the People's Committee of the Districht and Town; In the right of the citizens and the producers to be elected to the People's Committee; the right of the citizens directly to partici pate in the exercise of state authority by way of referendums, assemblies of voters, councils of citizens, the participation of the citizens in administration and in judicature, and by way of other forms of direct government; In the right of the People's Committee independently to' regulate the affairs of comomn interest for the community in the fields of economic, communal, social and cultural life and development of the Commune, Town and District, relying upon economic organizations, self-governing institutions, corporations and the initiative of the citizens; In the right of the People's Committee independently to manage the part of the income which is set aside by economic organizations for the Commune, Town and District in accordance with the Federal and Republican Social Plan; the right of the People's Committee to a percentage of the tax as established by law and to introduce local surtax and local self-contribution; the right of the People's Committee to enact the budget and the Social Plan independently; In the exercise of the statutory rights of the People's Committee toward economic organizations on its territory; the supervision of the People's Committee over the management of all-people property; the right of the Commune and Town to manage all lands and building which are all-people property, in so far as this right does was not vest end in other state organs, economic organizations, institutions and communities; In the right of the People's Committee to elect and relieve of duty the judges of district and country courts; In the right of the People's Committee to form and elect its organs and appoint the employees of the Committee; In the right of the People's Committee to prescribe by Statute its organization and operation; In the maintenance of law and order on the territory of the Commune, Town and Distric. The People's Committee shall exercise state authority on the basis of and within the Constitution and laws. Article 8 The Republican organs of state authority shall have toward the People's Committees the right established by law. The Republican organs shall have the right of control con cerning the legality of the work of the People's Committees. Only those financial resources established by law shall be set aside for the People's Republic by the Republican Social Plan which serve for the performance of tasks from the jurisdiction of the Repub lic, for assistance to the towns and districts and for assistance to the institutions and economic organizations of common interest for the whole Republic. Administrative organs directly subordinate to the Federal and/or Republican administrative organs may be formed in the Commune, Town and District for the performance of tasks from the jurisdiction of ahe Federation by law only. Article 9 The Federation shall have the fololowing rights and duties: To protect the independence and territorial integrity of the Federal State; to organize the armed forces and the defence of the country; to protect the social political order; To protect the unity and equality of the peoples of Yugoslavia; To maintain international relations and regulate the relations of the country with abroad; To safeguard the unity of the socialist social order and legal system;To safeguard the unity of the economic system and the planned development of the national economy as a whole; To safeguard the self-government of the producers in the eco nomy and the self-government of the working people in the Commune, Town and District and in the institutions; To safeguard the freedoms and democratic right of the citizens and their equality, without distinction as to nationality, race and creed ; To safeguard legality, a uniform application of Federal laws and unity of the system of justice. The rights and duties of the Federation shall be exercised by the Federal organs of state authority in accordance with the juri- diction established for them by the Constitution. Federal laws shall be directly enforced by the People's Com mittees and/or the Republican organs of state authority. Federal organs shall directly enforce Federal laws and perform other executive tasks solely in the sphere of the exclusive rights and duties of the Federation established by the Constitution, as well as where this enforcement was placed by law within the jurisdiction of the Federation in accordance with its rights and duties. Article 10 The territory of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia shall be composed of the territories of the People's Republics and shall forms a unified state, economic and customs area. Traed in commodities shall bp free in the whole country and it may not be restrained by any ac\ of a Republican organ of state authority or a People's Committee. The administrative and judical acts and documents of the state organs of a People's Republic shall have identical validity in the other republics. Article 11 Federal laws and other acts of the Federal organs shall be applied on the whole territory of the Federal State. In case of disagreement between Federal Law and Republican Law, Federal Law shall be directly applied, but the People's Republics may institute the procedure for appraisal of the compatibility of Federal and Republican Law with the Federal Constitution. Article 12 For the citizens of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia there shall exist a unified federal citizenship. Every citizen of a People's Republic shall simultaneously be a citizen of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. The citizen of a People's Republic shall enjoy in each People's Republic the same rights as its own citizens.

Chapter VII. THE HIGHEST FEDERAL ORGANS OF STATE AUTHORITY[edit]

1. RIGHTS OF THE ASSEMBLY[edit]

Article 13: The Federal Assembly shall be the representative of the sovereignty of the people and the highest organ of state authority of the Federation.; The Federal Assembly shall exercise its rights and duties on the basis of and within the Constitution.

Article 14 The Federal Assembly shall exercise the rights of the Federation directly and through the President of the Republic and the Federal Executive Council as its executive organs. Particular executive tasks shall be performed by the Federal organs of administration in accordance with the directives of and under the supervision of the Federal Executive Council. The rights of the Federation in the domain of justice shall be exercised by the Federal Supreme Court and other Federal courts of justice on the basis of Federal laws.

Article 15 The following shall belong within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Federal People's Assembly: (1) Amendment of the Constitution; 47 (2) Election and relieving of duty of the President of the Re public; (3) Election and relieving of duty of the members of the Fede ral Executive Council; (4) Election and relieving of duty of the judges of the Federal Supreme Court; (5) Federal legislation: (a) Exclusive legislation: on personal freedoms and other fundamental rights of Man and Citizen; on Federal citizenship; on the personal status of citizens; on social insurance; the ownership code; on copyright; on patents, trade marks, samples and models; on establishment of social contribution and tax; on customs; on currency, the credit system, banks and financial operations; on foreign exchan ge; on public loans; on bills of exchange, cheques and other means of payment; on the maritime code; on insurance; on weights and mea sures; on standards; the Criminal Code; on judicial and general administrative procedure; on administrative suits; on enforcement of penalties and security measures; on organization of courts of justice and arbitration; on the Public Prosecutor's Office; on advocateship; on disabled war veterans; on questions of national defence, external relations and other questions from the exclusive jurisdiction of the Federation; on election of people's Deputies for the Federal People's Assembly and their recall; (b) Fundamental legislation: on planned management of the national economy; on economic organizations; on transport, com munications and roads and on goods in public use; on the budgets, social contribution; taxes and duties; on utilization of natural resour ces and power; on labour; on associations, meetings and conferences; on the family, marriage and guardianship; on measures for control of infectious diseases and protection of public health and the life of the citizens which are of general interest for the whole country; on the employees of the State Administration; on the Attorney General's Office; on infractions; (c) General legislation: in the field of organization of state authority; education and culture, public health and social policy* as well as in other fields, when in the general interest of all the People's Republics; (6) Establishment of the Federal Social Plan and the Federal Budget; confirmation of the balance-sheet on the execution of the Federal Social Plan and confirmation of the Federal final statement of accounts; (7) Decision-making concerning the course of foreign policy, economic policy and other fundamental matters and measures of internal policy within the rights of the Federation; (8) Decision-making concerning proclamation of the state of war and the conclusion of peace; ratification of international treaties relating to political or military co-operation and of international treaties requiring the enactment of new or amendment of the existing laws; 48 (9) Approval os revisions of the boundary lines between die People's Republics as proposed by them in concert and settlement of disputes about their delimitation; (10) Evaluation of the compatibility of the Republican Consti tution as well as Republican and Federal Law with the Federal Consti tution; (11) Amnesty for criminal offences provided by Federal Law. The Assembly shall issue declarations and resolutions on questions from the jurisdiction of the Federation and on other questions of general interest for the Federal State. The Assembly shall make recommendations for the work of the State organs, self-governing institutions and economic organizations.

Article 16 In the domain of exclusive Federal legislation the People's Re publics may issue laws only if they were specially empowered by Federal Law to do so and in the measure in which they were empowered. In the domain in which fundamental Federal law has been enacted the People's Republic may enact its own supplementary laws. General law establishes the principles for the legislation of the People's Republic and may be directly applied only so long as no Republican law exists in the relevant domain. The People's Republic shall enact its laws in accordance with the principles of general law. In all other domains the People's Republic shall enact its laws independently. The People's Republic may enact independently the laws from the sphere of the fundamental and general Federal legislation if no Federal Law was enacted. Upon enactment of fundamental law the provisions of Republican Law relating to the questions regulated by fundamental law shall become ineffectual. The right to submit to the Federal People's Assembly the pro posal for evaluation of the compatibility of Republican and Federal Law with the Federal Constitution shall vest in the Federal Executive Council, the Federal Supreme Court, the People's Assembly and the Executive Council of a People's Republic, the representative body of the Autonomous province and Autonomous Region, the People's Com mittee of the District and/or Town, as well as the economic organi zation and self-governing institutions concerned. Article 17 The Federal Social Plan shall safeguard the development of the national economy as a whole and determine the basic distribution of the national income of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. The Federal Social Plan shall allocate to the Federation only those financial means established by liw which serve for the carrying of tasks from the jurisdiction of the Federation, for safeguarding normal i 49 economic development and for assistance to under-developed parts of the country. The Federal Budget shall establish and allocate the financial means for the performance of tasks from the jurisdiction of the Federation and for the work of its organs and institutions. Article 18 The Federal People's Assembly may decide that a draft law, before or after its adoption, or another question from the juristiction of the Federation be put before the electorate for decision (refe rendum). A referendum may be proposed by one-fifth of the members of one House, by the Council of Nationalities as well as the Federal Executive Council. The decision of the electorate'shall be bindind. During a period of two years after the carrying out of the referendum no law or other act contrary to the decision of the electorate may be issued. Special law shall be enacted relating to the reserendum. Article 19 Federal laws shall be enacted and published in the languages of all the People's Republics. Laws shall be published in the Official Gazette and shall take effect on the eighth day after publication, unless otherwise provided by a law itself. Article 20 Laws may not be retroactive, unless expressly so provided by a law itself. A law establishing penalties may be retroactive only if it is more lenient to the offender. Article 23 A proposal to amend the Constitution may be submitted by twenty members of one House, by the Council of Nationalities, as well as the Federal Executive Council. The Assembly shall previously decide in each Council by ma jority vote wheter to consider the proposal to amend the Constitution. An amendment of the Constitution shall be adopted if three-fifths of the members of each Council shall have voted for it.

2. ORGANIZATION OF THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY[edit]

(a) Houses of the Assembly[edit]

Article 24: The Federal Assembly shall be composed of two Houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Article 25: The House of Representatives shall be composed of no less than 300 and no more than 400 members, elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.; Half the members shall be elected from Statewide electoral districts, and the other half shall be elected from single-member constituencies.; The number of members of the House of Representatives to be elected from each State shall be proportional to the population of the State, so that the number of members elected in each state from the Statewide electoral districts shall be equal to the number of those elected in that state from single-member constituencies.

Article 26: Before each election, each registered party shall publish a list of candidates in respect of each State.; Each voter shall be eligible to cast two votes: one vote for any candidate who runs in the single-member constituency, and one vote for any candidate on a party's list submitted in respect of the State.; A candidate shall be elected as a member of the House of Representatives for a single-member constituency if he has received the largest number of votes in the constituency; and if only one candidate is nominated, he shall be elected if a majority of votes in the constituency are cast for his election.; Each party receiving at least five percent (5%) of the total valid votes cast, or whose candidates are elected in at least three single-member constituencies, shall be allocated a number of seats in each Statewide electoral district proportional to its percentage of the vote received in that electoral district.; The Members of the House of Representatives for a Statewide electoral district from each party shall be the persons on that party's list who received the largest numbers of votes; in case of a tie, persons higher on the list shall be members first; replacements for Members shall be the persons highest in the order of election who were not elected.

Article 21: The House of Representatives shall be elected for a term of four years, but it shall remain on duty pending election of a new House.; In case of war or other extraordinary conditions the House of Representatives may extend the term of its mandate for the duration of such a situation.; The House of Representatives may be dissolved before the expiration of the period for which it was elected in accordance with the constitution.

Article 22: An election for the House of Representatives shall be held on the second Sunday of March in the fourth year following the election of the previous House of Representatives.; If the mandate of the House of Representatives was extended, elections for the new House of Representatives must be called as soon as the circumstances due to which the mandate was extended disappear, and shall be held not more than three and not less than two months following their being called.; If the House of Representatives was dissolved before the expiration of the period for which it was elected, elections for the new House of Representatives shall be held not more than three and not less than two months following the dissolution.

Article 27: The Senate shall be composed of fifteen members for each State, elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.; The President of the Republic, upon the expiry of his term, becomes a lifelong member of the Senate unless he explicitly renounces this duty.; The President of the Republic may appoint up to six lifelong members of the Senate from among citizens who have made eminent achievements in the economic, educational, cultural, social, artistic and scientific fields.

Article 26: Each voter shall be eligible to cast as many votes as there are Senate seats contested in his state, for any candidate who runs in the State; but only one vote may be cast for a given candidate.; The candidates who received the largest numbers of votes shall be elected; ties which entitle only some of the tied candidates to be elected shall be settled by drawing lots.

Article 21: The elected Senators shall be elected for a term of six yers. Every two years, a third of them – five for each State – shall be renewed by rotation. Senators who are to retire under the rules of rotation shall remain on duty pending election of their successors.; In case of war or other extraordinary conditions the Senate may extend the term of its mandate for the duration of such a situation.; The Senate may be dissolved before the expiration of the period for which it was elected in accordance with the constitution.

Article 22: An election for the renewal of Senators shall be held on the second Sunday of March in the second year following the previous election.; If the mandate of the Senate was extended, elections for the renewal of the entire Senate must be called as soon as the circumstances due to which the mandate was extended disappear, and shall be held not more than three and not less than two months following their being called.; If the House of Representatives was dissolved before the expiration of the period for which it was elected, elections for the renewal of the entire Senate shall be held not more than three and not less than two months following the dissolution.

Article 36

The following tasks within the jurisdiction of the Federal Assembly shall be performed by the House of Representatives alone:

(1) The election and relieving of duty of the President of the Federal Executive Council;

(2) The election and relieving of duty of the members of the Federal Executive Council;

(3) The election and relieving of duty of the President, Vice- President and Secretary of the Federal People's Assembly;

(4) The election and relieving of duty of the judges of the Federal Supreme Court;

(5) The election and relieving of duty of the members of the committees and commissions of the Assembly;

(6) The promulgation of amendments to the Constitution.

Article 34

The House of Representatives and the Senate shall participate on a basis of equality:

(1) In decision-making concerning amendment of the Constitution;

(2) In establishing the Federal Budget; in confirming the statement of accounts relating to execution of the Federal Budget;

(3) In the enactment of exclusively Federal laws: on currency, the credit system, banks and financial operations; on social insurance; the Ownership Code; on patents, trade marks, samples and models; on the establishment of social contribution and tax; on customs; on foreign exchange; on bills of exchange, cheques and other means of payments; on insurance; on standards; on the election and recall of People's Deputies;

(4) In the enactment of fundamental laws: on planned management of the national econoy; on economic organizations; on transport and communications; on the budgets; on social contribution, taxes and other duties; on utilization of natural resources and power; on labour;

(5) In the ratification of international treaties from the sphere of the economy, labour and social insurance;

(6) In the issuance of decisions relating to compatibility of the Republican Constitution with the Federal Constitution, as well as the compatibility of Republican and Federal Law with the Federal Constitution, if both Houses have participated in the enactment Federal laws;

(7) In decision-making relating to the calling of referendums on issues from the fields of the economy, labour and social insurance;

(8) In decision-making relating to extension of the mandate of the Assembly, in establishing that the circumstances due to which the mandate of the Assembly was extended have disappeared, as well as in decision-making relating lo dissolution of the Assembly;

(9) In decision-making relating to remuneration of People's Deputies and the emoluments of the President, Vice-President and Secretary of the Federal People's Assembly, the President of the Republic and the members of the Federal Executive Council.

(10) In the issuance of declarations and resolutions on matters from the sphere of the economy, labour and social insurance.

Article 35 The Federal Council and the Council of Producers shall meet in separate sessions. A bill in the enactment of which both Houses participate on a basis of equality mey be introduced in either House. The Houses may decide to debate in joint session individual bills or other matters in the deliberation on which both Houses participate, but vote on the bills shall be taken in separate sessions of both Houses.

Article 36

The Federal Assembly shall perform these tasks in joint sessions of both Houses:

(1) The election and relieving of duty of the President of the Republic ;

(2) The election and relieving of duty of the members of the Federal Executive Council;

(3) The election and relieving of duty of the President, Vice- President and Secretary of the Federal Assembly;

(4) The election and relieving of duty of the judges of the Federal Supreme Court;

(5) The election and relieving of duty of the members of the committees and commissions of the Assembly;

(6) The promulgation of amendments to the Constitution.

Article 37 All tasks within the jurisdiction of the Federal People's Assembly in the deliberation on which the two Houses do not participate on a basis of equality or jointly shall be performed by the Federal Council alone.

The members of the Council of Producers shall have the right to propose to the Federal Council amendments to the bills on which the Federal Council alone makes decisions, as well as to submit proposals for amendment of the effective laws which were issued by the Federal Council alone.

Article 38 A bill or other act in the enactment of which both Houses par ticipate on a basis of equality shall be regarded as adopted if an identical text thereof shall have been passed in both Houses. Each House shall have the right to propose amendments to a bill or other act which has already been passed in the other House. The draft so amended shall be returned for agreement to the House from which it originated. If. the Houses disagree on the text of the law, they shall appoint a joint commission, composed of an equal number of members of either House, with the aim of reaching agreement. If no agreement is reached in the commission by a majority of the representatives of each House or if the Houses do not approve the text proposed by the commission, discussion of the point at issue shall be adjourned for seven days.

After the expiration of this period the questions on which no agreement was reached shall be re-examined in sessions, and if no agreement is reached even after two consecutive debates the House of Representatives and the Senate shall both be dissolved.

Article 39 Disputes between the two Houses relating to jurisdiction shall be settled by the Federal People's Assembly at a joint session of both Houses.

Article 40 The Council of Producers may offer recommendations to economic organizations for their work and to the 'State organs and self-governing institutions on questions from the fields of the economy, labour and social incurance. The Council of Producers may, within the rights provided by law, issue decisions for the work of economic organizations, State organs and self-governing institutions.

Article 41 Each House decide alone regarding verification of the mandates of its members.

Article 43 Each House shall enact its Rules of Procedure, and both Houses shall issue together the Rules of Procedure for their joint sessions. 55 (b) Special rights of the People's Deputies elected by the representative bodies of the People's Republics, the Autonomous Province and the Autonomous Region Article 44 The Federal Council shall function as a unified House, but its members elected by the representative bodies of the People's Republics, the Autonomous Province and Region shall have special rights as established by the present Law. Article 45* The members of the Federal Council elected by the represen tative bodies of the People's Republics, the Autonomous Province and the Autonomous Region shall have the right to meet as the Council of Nationalities and deliberate separately from the Federal Council when the agenda of the House include a proposal to amend the Constitution, the Federal Social Plan, a Federal General Law or other bill relating to the equality of the peoples of Yugoslavia or to the Constitutionally established relations between the Federation and the People's Republics. The Council of Nationalities shall meet when so demanded by a majority of the Deputies elected by the representative body of a People's Republic or by all the Deputies elected by the representative body of the Autonomous Procince or Autonomous Region, or by ten Deputies elected by the representative bodies of any republic or autonomous unit. The Council of Nationalities is obligated to meet when the agenda of the Federal Council include a proposal to amend the Constitution. Article 46* The Council of Nationalities shall deliberate to evaluate whether the bill appearing on the agenda of the Federal Council is compatible with the equality of the peoples of Yugoslavia and with the Constitu tionally established relations between the People's Republics and the Federation and it shall issue a decision thereon. The decision of the Council of Nationalities may also include a proposal to amend the bill or that the law not be enacted. Article 47* In case the Federal Council does not adopt the proposal of the Council of Nationalities, the Deputies making up the Council of Nationalities shall hold another separate meeting to deliberate on the point at issue, and subsequently the point at issue will be debated in the Federal Council. In case the point at issue remains unsettled even then, a commission shall be appointed, composed of People's Deputies who shall be selected in an equal number by the Federal Council from among the Deputies who are not members of the Council of Nationalities and by the Council of Nationalities from among its members. In case the dispute between the Federal Council and the Council of Nationalities remains unsettled even =*fter the commission's work, then further discussion of the bill shall be discontinued and it may not be placed on the agenda of the Assembly before the expiration of one year from the date when discussion was adjourned. Article 48 Ir case the Federal Council disagrees with the Council of Nation alities regarding amendment of the Constitution or of the Draft Federal Social Plan, the debate shall be adjourned for two months. Upon expiration of this period only another two consecutive debates may yet be held in the Federal Council and the Council of Nationalities on the points at issue. If no agreement is reached even then, the Federal Council shall be dissolved. In case the dispute about the Federal Social Plan between the Federal Council and the Council of Nationalities is not settled by the time when application of the Federal Social Plan was scheduled to begin, the Federal Social Plan which had been adopted by the Council of Producers for that year shall be effective. Article 49 The Rules of Procedure of the Federal Council shall also include provisions relating to the work of the Council of Nationalities. These provisions shall take effect on their adoption by the Council of Nationalities in separate session.

(c) The President of the Assembly and the Chairmen of the Houses[edit]

Article 50: The Federal People's Assembly shall elect the President of the Assembly, two or more Vice-Presidents and a Secretary from among the Deputies. The President, the Vice-Presidents and the Secretary shall be elected for the term for which the Assembly was elected, but they shall remain on duty even after the dissolution of the Assembly, pending election of a new President, Vice-Presidents and Secretary.; The President of the Assembly shall represent the Assembly, countersign with the President of the Republic the decree on the promulgation of laws, preside over joint meetings of both Houses, see to the application of the Rules of Procedure and enforcement of the decisions of the Assembly and its councils.; The Vice-Presidents of the Assembly shall substitute for the Pre sident when he is unable to perform his presidential duties. The President and/or Vice-President of the Assembly, when pre siding over a session, may not participate in the debate and vote. The Secretary of the Assembly shall attend to the administration of the Assembly.

Article 51 The Federal Council and the Council of Nationalities shall each elect from among their members a President, Vice-President and three recording clerks for a term of one year. For each meeting the Council of Nationalities shall elect a President and two recording clerks from among its members. The President of the Council shall preside over meetings and see to the application of the Rules of Procedure. The President and/or Vice-President of the Council, when presid ing over a meeting, may not participate in the debate and vote.

3. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF PEOPLE'S DEPUTIES[edit]

Article 52 Every People's Deputy shall have the right to introduce in the House of which he is a member drafts of laws, decisions, recommend ations, declarations and resolutions. The Deputies shall also have the right to introduce drafts of decisions, recommendations, declarations and resolutions for the issuance of which the Federal People's Assembly is competent at a joint meeting of both Houses. The Deputies who are not committee members shall have the right to participate in the work of every committee of the House whose members they are, without the right of decision-making however. Article 53 Every Deputy shall have the right to address questions to the Federal Executive Council which the Federal Executive Council shall answer at the meeting of a House, or at a joint meeting of both Houses; or in writing. The Deputy who addressed a question shall have the right to propose to the House and/or Assembly that debate be opened on the question oddressed by him. Every Deputy shall have the right to seek information from a State Secretary through the House of which he is a member. The State Secretary is obligated to furnish the information sought in writing, unless the House or the Assembly decided that it shall personally be communicated by the State Secretary at a meeting. Article 54 The members of the Federal Council elected in the District and/or Town are obligated to keep the electors informed about their ' See Footnote to Article 45. 58 work, the work of the Federal Council and the Assembly, directly or through the District and/or Town Council of the People's Committee in which they hold a Councillor's rights. The members of the Federal Council elected by the representative bodies of the People's Republics and/or the Autonomous Province and Autonomous Region are obligated to keep informed the representative body which elected them about their work, the work of the Federal People's Assembly and the Federal Council. The District and/or Town Council of the People's Committee in which a People's Deputy holds a Councillor's rights shall have the right to require the People's Deputy to inform the Federal Council and/or the Assembly of his proposal or opinion if these relate to matters from the jurisdiction of the Federal Council and/or the Assembly. The People's Deputy is obligated to state such a proposal or opinion. Article 55 The members of the Council of Producers are obligated to keep the electors informed about their work, the work of the Council of Producers and the Assembly, directly or through the council of produc ers in which they hold a Councillor's rights. The Council of Producers in which a People's Deputy holds a Councillor's rights may require the Deputy to inform the Council of Producers and/or the Assembly of his proposal or opinion, if these relate to matters from the juridiction of the Council of Producers and/or the Assembly. The People's Deputy is obligated to state such a proposal or opinion. Article 56 The members of the Federal Council shall have the right to a permanent monthly remuneration. The members of the Council of Producers shall exercise their duty honorarily and shall be entitled to reimbursement of the expenses incurred through the performance of their Deputies' duties, as well as to recompense for the earnings lost during the performance of these duties. • Article 57 A People's Deputy may not be impeached, deprived of liberty or penalized for the opinion expressed or vote cast in the Assembly. A People's Deputy may not be deprived of liberty nor may criminal proceedings be instituted again him without the approval of the House to which he belongs, unless he was cought in the act of committing a criminal offence for which the penalty of over 5 years' imprisonment at hard labour was provided. In such a case the state organ who deprived the Deputy of liberty or instituted criminal pro ceedings against him is obligated promptly \o inform the President of the Federal People's Assembly accordingly who shall put the case before the relevant House for decision whether the proceedings shall 59 be continued and/or whether the deprival of liberty shall remain effective. When the House is not in session, the approval for deprival of liberty and the institution and/or continuation of criminal proceedings against a People's Deputy shall be given by the Committee on Mandates and Immunities of the relevant House, with the subsequent confirmation of the House. Article 58 A People's Deputy may not simultaneously be either an employee in the State Administration or a Judge.

4. SESSIONS[edit]

Article 59 The Federal People's Assembly shall be in permanent session during the period for which it was elected (the convention) and it shall work in separate meetings of the councils, in joint meetings of both Houses, in standing and other committees and commissions. The newly-elected Assembly shall meet not later than thirty days after the election date.

Article 60 The meetings of individual councils shall be called by the President of the Federal People's Assembly on the basis of a decision of the Council itself, at the instance of the President of the Council, of a committee, of one-fifth of the Council members, on his own initiative, as well as when so provided by the present Law. A joint meeting of both Houses shall be called by the President of the Federal People's Assembly on the basis of a decision of the Assembly, at the instance of one of the Houses, of the Federal Executive Council, as well as when so provided by the present Law. If the President of the Assembly does not call a meeting or fails to call it when so provided or proposed, the Assembly and/or its Council shall meet on the call of twenty Deputies and/or the Federal Executive Council. Article 61 The councils of the Assembly shall pass valid decisions by majority vote at a meeting attended by a majority of their members. The Federal People's Assembly, at a joint meeting of both Houses, shall pass valid decisions by majority vote. To pass decisions, the presence of a majority of the members of both the one and the other House is required. A decision relating to compatibility of the Republican Consti tution as well as Republican and Federal Law with the Federal Cons titution shall be adopted provided that a majority of all the members of the Federal Council and/or both Houses shall have voted for it. 60

5. COMMITTEES AND COMMISSIONS[edit]

Article 62 The Federal Council and the Council of Producers shall have a Legislative Committee and a Committee on Mandates and Immun ities as their standing committees. Either House may form standing committees also for other matters from its jurisdiction, as well as committees on inquiry and other committees and commissions for the performance of special tasks. The Federal People's Assembly shall have a standing Commis sion on Interpretation of Laws. Committees and commissions of the Federal People's Assembly may also be formed according to need. The Council of Nationalities may form committees for individual matters considered by it. Article 63 The members of the Federal Executive Council may not be members of the committees or commissions, nor may they be elected to other permanent duties in a House or in the Assembly. The President of the Assembly may not be a member of a com- mitte or commission. Article 64 The commitees shall study bills, examine the questions mooted by the committee members and other matters from the juridiction of the House, and they shall submit their reports and proposals to the House.Every bill, before being submitted to the House for debate, shall have been examined in the relevant committees of the House, unless the House decided to deal with the draft by dispatch. Every committee member shall have the right to propose that there be placed on the agenda of the committee, or to moot during the debate in the committee, within the sphere of action of the com mittee, all questions relating to the application of law, to the work of the State organs, self-governing institutions and economic organiza tions or other questions of common interest or affecting the electoral unit in which he was elected. A Deputy who is not a committee member shall have the right to moot a question from the sphere of action of the committee before a committee of the House whose member he is. The committee shall decide whether such a questions shall be placed on the agenda. Article 65 The committees may issue resolutions and offer, within their sphere of action, recommendations for the work of the State organs, self-governing institutions and economic organizations. 61 Article 66 The committees may require the Federal Executive Council to answer their questions and offer them information on its work. The members of the Federal Executive Council may attend the committee meetings and participate in the debate, without the right of decision-making however. The Federal Executive Council may propose that individual questions be placed on the agenda of a committee meeting and that a committee be convened for purposes of stating the attitude of the Federal Executive Council on those questions. The committee may- debate those questions, issue resolutions and offer recommendations. The committees may call on the State Secretaries, Undersecre taries, the directors and other officials and specialists to answer their questions orally or in writing and offer them information and ex planations. The committees may call on a People's Deputy to inform them about the condition in the electoral unit and/or economic organizations which elected him. Article 67 The committees may conduct inquiries and hearings and for this purpose they may require all State organs, self-governing institutions and economic organizations to submit the necessary data, papers and documents. Article 68 Every committee shall act in accordance with the Rules of Procedure issued by itself and confirmed by the Council and/or the Federal People's Assembly. Every committee shall have its Chairman and Secretary elected by itself. The committees of one House and the committees of both Houses may also hold joint meetings according to need. Article 69 The Commission for Interpretation of Laws shall have the right to to issue binding interpretations of Federal laws. A proposal for interpretation of laws may be submitted by: any People's Deputy, by a House Committee, the Federal Executive Council, the Federal Supreme Court and the Executive Council of a People's Republic. The Commission shall submit the binding interpretations to the relevant Houses for subsequent approval. The Commission shall study the proposals submitted to the Assembly for evaluation of the compatibility of Federal and Republic Law with the Federal Constitution and present a report to the Houses with its opinion. 62 The Commission for Interpretation of Laws shall have nine members elected by the Assembly from among its members at a joint meeting of both Houses. The Commission for Interpretation of Law shall remain on duty even after the dissolution of the Assembly, pending election o[ a new Commission.

Chapter VIII. FEDERAL ORGANS OF STATE ADMINISTRATION[edit]

Article 70 The Federal People's Assembly shall entrust representation of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia as a state, care for imple mentation of laws, control of the work of the Federal Administration and other executive tasks from the jurisdiction of the Federation to the President of the Republic and the Federal Executive Council.

1. THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC[edit]

Article 71

The President of the Republic shall:

(1) Represent the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the country and in international relations;

(2) Promulgate laws by decree;

(3) Issue the documents relating to ratification of international treaties and other agreements;

(4) Appoint and recall by decree the ambassadors and envoys plenipotentiary of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia;

(5) Receive the credential and letters of recall of the foreign diplomatic representatives accredited to him;

(6) Confer decorations and honorary titles by decree.

Article 72: The President of the Republic may call a meeting of the Federal Executive Council and place specific items on the agenda of the Council. The President of the Republic shall preside over the meetings of the Council which he attends.; The President of the Republic shall have the right to stay the enforcement of the act of the Federal Executive Council he disagrees with, with the obligation to put at once the point at issue before the House of Representatives for decision. In such a case the Speaker of the House is obligated to convene the House at once.

Article 73: The President of the Republic shall be Supreme Commander of the armed forces. The President of the Republic shall appoint, promote and relieve of duty the generals and admirals, as well as other officers and military chiefs as provided by law, subject to confirmation by the Senate. The President of the Republic shall preside over the National Defence Council.; The National Defence Council shall attend to the organization and mobilization of the resources and forces of the country for the needs of national defence.

The members of the National Defence Council shall be appointed by the Federal Executive Council at the instance of the President of the Republic. The Federal Executive Council shall prescribe by decree the organization and powers of the National Defence Council.

subject to confirmation by the Senate

Article 74: The President of the Republic shall be elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot for a term of four years.; A candidate for President of the Republic may be proposed by at least 50,000 voters or at least twenty members of the Federal Assembly.; The candidate who has received a majority of votes cast shall be elected as President of the Republic. If this majority is not obtained, a run-off ballot is held after 14 days.; The candidates who at the first ballot have received the largest number of votes shall stand at the run-off ballot. If only one candidate has received the largest number of votes at the first ballot, the candidates who received the second-largest number of votes shall stand at the run-off ballot as well. Candidates who have withdrawn their candidature are to be disregarded.; The candidate who at the run-off ballot has received the largest number of votes shall be elected as President of the Republic. In case of a tie, the candidate who at the first ballot has received the largest number of votes shall be elected; if the tie persists, it shall be settled by drawing lots.; The procedure for the election of the President of the Republic shall be determined by federal law.

Article 21: The term of the President of the Republic shall begin on the 15th of May following his election, but he shall remain on duty after the expiration of this term pending election of a new President of the Republic. No one may be President of the Republic for more than two consecutive terms.; In case of war or other extraordinary conditions the Federal Assembly may extend the term of the President of the Republic's mandate for the duration of such a situation.; Immediately before assuming office, the President of the Republic shall take the oath of office before the Federal Assembly at a joint meeting of both Houses.

Article 22: An ordinary election of the President of the Republic shall be held on the second Sunday of March in the fourth year following the previous ordinary election of the President of the Republic.; If the mandate of the President of the Republic was extended, an extraordinary election of the President of the Republic must be called as soon as the circumstances due to which the mandate was extended disappear, and shall be held not more than three and not less than two months following their being called. The term of the President of the Republic thus elected, as well as date of the following ordinary election, shall be determined as if the mandate of the President of the Republic was not extended.; A President of the Republic who is elected in an extraordinary election shall assume his office on the day of the announcement of his election in the Federal Assembly.; An ordinary election of the President of the Republic shall be held on the second Sunday of March in the fourth year following the previous ordinary election of the President of the Republic.

Article 22: In case the President of the Republic is unable to perform his functions for a prolonged period, he shall be substituted by the Vice-President of the Republic. If the Vice-President of the Republic is incapable of substituting for the President of the Republic, the substitution shall be undertaken by the President of the Senate.

Article 22: If the tenure of the President of the Republic has been terminated before the expiration of the period for which he was elected, the Vice-President of the Republic shall become President of the Republic for the remainder of the term of the President whose tenure has been terminated.; If the Vice-President of the Republic is incapable of becoming President of the Republic, an extraordinary election of the President of the Republic must be called as soon as possible, and shall be held not more than three and not less than two months following their being called, and the functions of the President of the Republic shall be discharged by the President of the Senate until the announcement in the Federal Assembly of the election of a new President of the Republic. The President of the Republic thus elected in an extraordinary election shall serve for the remainder of the term of the President whose tenure has been terminated.

Article 75 The President of the Republic shall exercise his duties on the basis of and within the Constitution and laws.

2. The Federal Executive Council[edit]

Article 79 The Federal Executive Council shall: (1) Attend to enforcement of Federal Laws, the Federal Social Plan, the Federal Budget and other acts of the Federal People's Assembly and issue prescripts and undertake measures for their enforcement; undertake measures for the performance of tasks from the exclusive jurisdiction of the Federation; exercise general control of the application of Federal laws; (2) Establish the drafts of the Federal Social Plan and the Federal Budget and submit them to the Assembly; prepare and intro duce bills; (3) Determine the directives for the work of the Federal organs of administration; (4) Proclaim general mobilization and a state of war in event of armed attack on the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia or in case of need for immediate fulfilment of international obligations; proclaim a general state of preparedness in event .of war danger; issue regulations with the force of law on the measures necessary during the state of preparedness, mobility and war. (5) Ratify international treaties and other international agree ments whose ratification is not effected by the Assembly; (6) Prescribe the organization of the Federal organs of adminis tration and undertake measures for improvement of their adminis trative work; abolish and inivalidate the prescripts of the Federal organs of administration if they are incompatible with the law or the prescripts of the Federal Executive Council; (7) Found enterprises and self-governing institutions of interest for the whole country; prescribe the sphere of action and the bases of the organization of the self-governing institutions founded by it; establish within the jurisdiction of the Federation the general perinci- ples for the organization and operation of the organs of the State Administration and the self-governing institutions; (8) Manage the state reserve funds; (9) Appoint and relieve of duty the State Secretaries, Under secretaries, the Governor of the National Bank of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, the Federal Public Prosecutor, the Federal Attorney General and other senior officials as designated by law; (10) Issue the act relating to dissolution of the Assembly and the Federal Council in cases of disagreement of the Houses and/or Councils; call elections for the Federal People's Assembly; see to the publication of Federal laws and other prescripts; (11) Grant pardons in accordance with special law; 65 (12) See to the unity of the judicature and the performance of tasks of international legal assistance; (13) Perform other tasks established by Federal Law. The Federal Executive Council may put any question from its jurisdiction before the Federal People's Assembly and propose a debate and the taking of a decision thereon.

Article 80 The Federal Executive Council shall act on the basis of and within the Constitution and the laws.

Article 81 The Federal Executive Council may issue decrees for the enforcement of laws, and for the performance of other tasks from its jurisdiction it may issue resolutions, instructions and decisions. The Federal Executive Council may issue prescripts for enforcement of general law only when so empowered by such law. The Federal Executive Council shall issue the decree on its organization and operation which it shall submit to the Assembly for confirmation. The decree shall be signed by the President of the Republic.

Article 76 The President of the Republic shall be answerable for his work to the Federal People's Assembly. The President of the Republic shall present to the Federal People's Assembly the Report on the work of the Federal Executive Council and he shall be answerable for the work of the Federal Executive Council together with the other members.

Article 77: The President of the Federal Executive Council shall be elected by the House of Representatives. Election of the President of the Federal Executive Council shall be effected by secret vote.; The President of the Republic shall propose to the House of Representatives a nominee for President of the Federal Executive Council, after having consulted the representatives of the parliamentary groups in the House of Representatives. The candidate shall be elected if the votes of a majority of the total number of all members of the House are cast for his election.; If no President of the Federal Executive Council proposed by the President of the Republic is elected after three consecutive elections, the right to nominate the President of the Federal Executive Council passes to the House of Representatives. A candidate for President of the Federal Executive Council may be proposed by twenty members of the House of Representatives. The candidate who has received the largest number of votes shall be elected as President of the Federal Executive Council.; An election under the preceding paragraph shall become effective only seven days later, but an election by the votes of a majority of the total number of all members of the House shall be effective immediately.; The President of the Republic shall have the right to stay an election under paragraph 3 he disagrees with before it becomes effective; in such a case the House of Representatives shall be dissolved. The President shall have no right to stay an election of a candidate who has received the votes of a majority of the total number of all members of the House.; Immediately after his election becomes effective, the President of the Federal Executive Council shall take the oath of office before the House of Representatives.

Article 77: The President of the Federal Executive Council shall be elected for the same term as the House of Representatives which elected him, but the House may relieve him of duty before the expiration of this term.; A decision to relieve the President of the Federal Executive Council of duty shall be effected by secret voting; it must be approved by the votes of a majority of the total number of all members of the House.; A decision to relieve the President of the Federal Executive Council of duty may be proposed by twenty members of the House of Representatives; it must name a nominee for President of the Federal Executive Council; its passage implies the election of the nominee it proposes.; The President of the Federal Executive Council shall remain on duty after the expiration of his term pending election of a new President of the Federal Executive Council, even after an expiration of the term or a dissolution of the House of Representatives.

Article 82: The other members of the Federal Executive Council shall be appointed and dismissed by the President of the Republic at the instance of the President of the Federal Executive Council.; The number of members of the Federal Executive Council may not be lesser than fifteen.

Article 83: The Federal Executive Council shall have two or more vice-presidents. The President of the Federal Executive Council shall appoint the vice-presidents from among the members of the Council and he shall also relieve them of duty.

Article 84 The Federal Executive Cvouncil shall be accountable for its work to the Federal People's Assembly. The Federal Executive Council shall be elected for the term for which the Federal People's Assembly was elected, but the Assembly may relieve of duty the whole Council or its individual members even before the expiration of this term. The Federal Executive Council shall remain on duty even after the dissolution of the Assembly, pending election of a new Council.

Article 85 The Federal Executive Council is obligated to keep the Federal People's Assembly informed about its work. The Assembly may require the Federal Executive Council at any time to submit to it a report on its work or on individual matters from its jurisdiction. The Assembly shall hold a debate on the Report of the Federal Executive Council and it may isuse resolutions and offer recommen dations on the basis of the debate. In case the Assembly established during the debate that an act of the Federal Executive Council was incompatible with the law, it may abrogate it. These rights may be exercised by the Assembly at a joint meeting of both Houses, or at a meeting of one of the Houses only if the relevant House has exclusive jurisdiction in the given matters.

Article 86 The Federal Executive Council shall deal with the tasks from its jurisdiction in sessions. The Federal Executive Council shall take decisions by majority vote.

Article 87 From among its members the Federal Executive Council may form committees and commissions for the study of individual questions and the preparation of bills, decrees and other of its acts, as well as for the issuance of decisions in particular matters from the jurisdiction of the Council.

Article 88 The Federal Executive Council shall elect a Secretary from among its members. The Secretary shall attend to the administration of the Federal Executive Council and perform other tasks for which the Council empowered him.

Article 89 The Federal Executive Council may stay enforcement of the decrees or other acts of the Executive Council of a People's Republic if they are incompatible with Federal Law or Decree.

The Executive Counail of the People's Republic may put the point at issue before the Federal People's Assembly for decision if it disagrees with decision of the Federal Executive Council. The Federal Executive Council may require the Executive Council of the People's Republic to abrogate. or rescind an act of Republican organ of administration which is incompatible with Federal perscripts. B. THE FEREDAL ADMINISTRATION Article 90 State Secretariats, independent administrations, administrative institutions and other independent organs of administration snail be formed for the performance of particular executive tasks from the jurisdiction of the Federation. Federal organs of administration shall directly enforce the laws and other acts of the Federal People's Assembly, the decrees and other acts of the Federal Executive Council when enforcement thereof was placed within the jurisdiction of the Federation. Direct enforcement of Federal laws may be placed within the juristiction of the Federal organs of administration by General Federal Law only when this is in the common interest of all People's Republics. Within the direct enforcemnet of laws ahe Federal organs of administration shall issue administrative acts, undertake administra tive actions and issue the prescripts for which they were empowered. Article 91 Federal organs of administration shall perform the tasks from their sphere of action on the basis of and within the laws and pres cripts of the Federal Executive Counsil, and in accordance with the directives of the Federal Executive Counicil. Federal organs of administration shall perform these tasks independently within the powers vested in them. Article 92 State secretariats shall be established for the performance of tasks of one or more branches of the adnministration from the juris diction of the Federation. The Federal State Secretariats shall be: the State Secretariat of Forcing Affairs, the State Secretariat of National Defence Affairs, the State Secretariat of Internal Affairs, the State Secretariat of National Economy Affairs, and the State Secretariat of the Budget and State Administration Affairs. State secretariats shall be established, merged and abolished by law. Article 93 Independent administrations, administrative institutions and other independent organs of the State Administration shall be esta 68 blished for the performance of particular administrative tasks from the jurisdiction of the Federation. Independent administrations, administrative institutions and other independent Federal oragns of administration shall be estab lished by decree. Article 94 State secretariats shall be headed by state secretaries, who shall exereise independently the powers vested in the state secretariats by law or the prescripts of the Federal Executive Council. The State Secretary for Foreign Affairs and the State Secretary for National Defence Affaires shall be appointed by the Federal Executive Council from among its members. State secretaries shall be answerable to the Federal Executive Council for their work. State secretaries shall take the oath of office before the Pres ident of the Republic. The text of the oath shall be established by the Federal Executive Council. Article 95 A State Secretary shall have the right to issue regulations, ordinances and instruction for enforcement of the decrees and other prescripts of the Federal Executive Council. A State Secretary may issue regulations .ordinances and instructions for the enforcement of law on the basis of special legal authorization only. A State Secretary may be obligated by law or decree to submit individual regulations and ordinances to the Federal Executive Council for previous agreement. A State Secretary shall have the right and dutv within the jurisdiction of the State Secretariat to indicate to the Federal Execut ive Council the acts of the Renublican organs of administration which are incomnatible with Federal Law and other prescripts and to pronose to the Federal Executive Council to undertake the necessary measures for which the Council was empowered. A State Secretary shall have the right within his jurisdiction to abrogate or rescind the unlawful acts of the relevant Renublican organs of administration in matters from the exclusive jurisdiction of the Federation the enforcement of which was delegated to the Republican organs by Federal Law or Decree. Article 96 Directors and other officials mav appointed to head the inde pendent administrations and other Federal organs of administration who shall exercise independently the powers vested in those organs of the administration. The Federal Executive Council may delegate to these directive officials the special powers vested in the state secretaries only when so authorized by the law. 69 One on more undersecretaries may be appointed in the state secretariats. The State Secretary may delegate single powers of his to an Undersecretary with the agreement of the Federal Executive Council.The directive officials in the state secretariats and other state organs may be empowered by law and the prescripts of the Federal Executive Council to issue decisions in particular matters. Article 97 The Federal Executive Council is obligated to submit to the appropriate House committees for agreement its draft prescripts relating to the establishment of and organizational changes in the organs of the State Administration which involve outlays unprovided for by the budget or which have to be effected from the budgetary reserves. Article 98 In accordance with the provisions of special law, an admin istrative suit may be brought in Court against the acts of the state secretariats and other independent Federal organs of administration. The Federal Executive Council may be appealed against the acts of the state secretariats and other independent Federal organs of administration issued in matters in which the administrative suit was not ruled out, unless it was provided by law or decree that another state organ shall be appealed to. Article 99 The employees in the Federal organs of administration shall be liable for tort caused to the State by their unflaful work. The State shall be liable for tort caused to the citizens or legal persons by the employees with their unlawful work. The State shall be entitled to damages from the empoyeee who caused tort with his unlawful work. The provisions of the preceding paragraphs shall be effective also in respect of the liability of the President of the Republic and the members of the Federal Executive Council.

Chapter IX HIGHEST ORGANS OF STATE AUTHORITY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLICS

Article 100 The Republican People's Assembly shall be the representative of the sovereignty of the people and the highest organ of state authority of the People's Republic. Article 101 The rights of the People's Republic shall be exercised by the Republican People's Assembly directly and through the Executive Council as its executive organ. Particular executive tasks shall be per 70 formed bf the Republican organs of administration in accordance with the directives of and under the control of the Executive Council. Article 102 The Republican People's Assembly shall exercise its rights and duties on the basis of and within the Federal Constitution, the Repu blican Constitution and Federal Laws. Article 103 The Republican People's Assembly shall be elected for a term of four years. Article 104 The Republican People's Assembly shall be composed of two Houses: the Republican Council and the Council of Producers. The Republican Council shall include the Deputies elected by the citizens in the districts and towns on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot. The Council of Producers shall include the Deputies elected by the producers engaged in production, transport and commerce comm- ensurately with the participation of the economic domains in the total social product of the People's Republic. Article 105 The Republican Council and the Council of Producers shall par ticipate on a basis of equality in decision-making relating to amend ment of the Republican Constitution, in the establishment of the Republican Social Plan and Budget, as well as in the issuance of laws and other acts from the fields of the economy, labour an social insurance. The election of the Executive Council and other State organs shall be effected at a joint session of both Huoses. Article 106 Representation of the People's Republic, care for enforcement of laws, control of the work of the Republican Administration, control in respect of the lawfulness of the work of the People's Committees and other executive tasks from the jurisdiction of the People's Repub lic shall be entrusted by the People's Assembly to the Executive Council. Article 107 The Executive Council shall perform the tasks from its jrisdic- tion on the basis of and within Federal and Republican Constitutions, Federal and Republican Laws, as well as Federal decrees. The members of the Executive Council shall be elected by the Republican People's Assembly from among the members of the members of the Republican Council.1

Article 108 The Executive Council shall be headed by the President. The President of the Executive Council shall represent the Council, preside over its sessions and sign the decrees of the Council. The President of the Executive Council shall have the right to stay the enforcement of an act of the Executive Council he disagrees with, with the obligation to put immediately the point at issue before the Republican People's Assembly for decision. Article 109 The Executive Council shall be accountable to the Republican People's Assembly for its work. The Executive Council shall have the right to issue decrees for enforcement of Republican laws, as well as resolutions, instructions and decisions for the performance of other tasks established by the Republican Constitution and Federal and Republican Laws. The Executive Council may issue prescripts for enforcement of Federal laws and Federal decrees only provided that it was so empowered by Federal Law or Decree. Article 110 For the direct perfomance of particular executive tasks from the jurisdiction of the People's Republic there shall be formed Republican state secretariats and other Republican organs of administration, as well as councils in which the representatives of indipendent institutions, social organizations and the citizens shall participate. Republican organs of administration shall be accountable to the Executive Council for their work. Article 111 Republican organs of administration shall perform the tasks from their jurisdiction on the basis of and within Federal and Re publican laws, the prescripts of the Federal Executive Council and the Executive Council of the People's Republic, as well as the prescripts of the Federal organs of administrations issued within the jurisdiction of the Federation. Republican organs of administration shall directly enforce Republican laws and the prescripts of the Executive Concil of the People's Republic when the enforcement thereof was placed within the jurisdiction of the Republican organs of administration by the Republican Constitution or Law. Republican organs of administration shall directly enforce Federal laws and the prescripts of the Federal Executive Council and the Federal organs of administration when the enforcement thereof was placed within the jurisdiction of the Republican organs of administration by Federal Law od Decree. Barring the prescripts the enforcement of which was placed within the jurisdiction of the Federal or Republican organs of administration, Federal and Republican laws and other prescripts shall be directly enforced by the People's Committees. Article 112 The People's Republic shall enact independently its Constitution al Law in accordance with the principles of the present Law.

Chapter X ORGANS OF STATE ADMINISTRATION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLICS

Chapter XI ORGANS OF STATE AUTHORITY OF AUTONOMOUS PROVINCES AND AUTONOMOUS REGIONS

Article 113 The self-governing right of the Autonomous Province of Vojvo- dina and the Autonomous Kosovo-Metohija Region shall be safeguarded. The self-governing rights of the Autonomous Province and the Autonomous Region shall be established by the Constitution of the People's Republic of Serbia. The highest organ of state authority of the Autonomous Province shall be the Provincial People's Assembly. The highest organ of state authority of the Autonomous Region shall be the Regional People's Committee. The Provincial People's Assembly shall be composed of the Pro vincial Council and the Council of Producers, and the Regional People's Committee of the Regional Council and the Council of Producers. Article 114 The foundations of the organization and jurisdiction of the organs of state authority of the Autonomous Province of Voivodina and the Autonomous Kosovo-Metohija Region shall be prescribed by the Constitution of the People's Republic of Serbia, in accordance with the principles of the present Law. The Autonomous Province and the Autonomous Region shall enact independently their statutes establishing the organization and jurisdiction of their organs of state authority, in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of Serbia

Chapter XII ORGANS OF STATE AUTHORITY OF ADMINISTRATIVE- TERRITORIAL UNITS

Chapter XIII THE PEOPLE'S COURTS OF JUSTICE

Article 1 In the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia justice shall be administered by regular, economic, and military courts. The organization and jurisdiction of economic and military courts shall be determined by specaial law. Article 2 Courts of justice may be established and abolished by Federal law alone. The jurisdiction of courts of justice may be established and modi fied by law only. Article 3 Courts shall administer justice on the basis of law and other prescripts of the Federal People's Assembly and the republican people's assemblies. Courts shall also apply other prescripts which were enacted on the basis of law and which conform to law. Article 4 The highest court in the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia shall be the Federal Supreme Court. The Federal Supreme Court shall safeguard a uniform apllication of law. The Federal Supreme Court of Justice shall appraise the lawfulness of the verdicts of all courts within the limits determined by law.

Article 5 Equal right of judicial protection shall be ensured to citizens as well as institutions and organizations. Courts of justice shall ensure to every citizen, institution and organization the rights recognized to them by law. Article 6 The right of appeal to a higher court against the judgments of courts in the first instance shall be ensured. Article 7 Courts of justice shall be independent in the bringing of verdicts. Article 8 As a rule hearing in court shall be public. Article 9 The verdicts of courts may be modified or rescinded by the competent court only through procedure as determined by law. Article 10 Courts shall pronounce judgement in the name of people. Article 11 Permanent judges and lay judges (judge-jurors) shall participate in the administration of justice. The permanent and lay judges shall be equal in the administra tion of justice. Article 12 The permanent and lay judges of the regular and economic courts shall be selected and relieved of duties by the People's Assemblies and the People's Committees. Article 13 As a rule cases shall be tried in council. The permanent and lay judges ,or the permanent judges only, shall participate in the court councils. It shall be determined by law as to which cases shall be tried by judges without jury or when the supreme courts shall sit in judgment in general sessions and the sessions of court departments. Article 14 All state organs shall be required to extend legal assistance to the courts of justice.

Chapter XIV PUBLIC PROSECUTION

Chapter XV RELATIONS BETWEEN THE ORGANS OF STATE AUTHORITY AND THE ORGANS OF STATE ADMINISTRATION

Chapter XVI THE YUGOSLAV ARMY Article 134 The Yugoslav Army is the armed force of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. Its duty is to safeguard and defend the inde pendence of the State and the freedom of the people. It is the guar dian of the inviolability of the State frontiers and serves for the maintainance of peace and security. Artixle 135 The Commander-in-Chief of the Yugoslav Army is appointed by the Peeople's Assembly of the FPRY at a joint meeting of both Houses. The Commander-in-Chief directs the entire military and armed forces of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia.

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Contents

PART ONE. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES[edit]

PART TWO. ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE[edit]

Chapter VI. THE FEDERAL PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLICS[edit]

Chapter VII. THE HIGHEST FEDERAL ORGANS OF STATE AUTHORITY[edit]

1. RIGHTS OF THE ASSEMBLY[edit]

2. ORGANIZATION OF THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY[edit]

(a) Houses of the Assembly[edit]

(c) The President of the Assembly and the Chairmen of the Houses[edit]

3. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF PEOPLE'S DEPUTIES[edit]

4. SESSIONS[edit]

5. COMMITTEES AND COMMISSIONS[edit]

Chapter VIII. FEDERAL ORGANS OF STATE ADMINISTRATION[edit]

1. THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC[edit]

2. The Federal Executive Council[edit]

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User:Glide08/Sandbox/Yugoslavia

PART ONE. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES[edit]

PART TWO. ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE[edit]

Chapter VI. THE FEDERAL PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLICS[edit]

Chapter VII. THE HIGHEST FEDERAL ORGANS OF STATE AUTHORITY[edit]

1. RIGHTS OF THE ASSEMBLY[edit]

2. ORGANIZATION OF THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY[edit]

(a) Houses of the Assembly[edit]

(c) The President of the Assembly and the Chairmen of the Houses[edit]

3. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF PEOPLE'S DEPUTIES[edit]

4. SESSIONS[edit]

5. COMMITTEES AND COMMISSIONS[edit]

Chapter VIII. FEDERAL ORGANS OF STATE ADMINISTRATION[edit]

1. THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC[edit]

2. The Federal Executive Council[edit]

Navigation menu

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