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" cocbosun," coxswain, ? Kedu ihe onye ala na-eche na ụgbọ mmiri na-agba afa " Ndị a ị ga-asị na ha dị oke egwu stvinsul," &c., &c.? anwụ," studdingsail, mana S gịnị mere? ikpe Naanị n'ihi na ihe omume gị enweghị Cheta na dugara gị ikwupụta okwu ndị a, ma ọ bụ nụ ka ha na-ekwu. nọ n'otu nsogbu ahụ gbasara okwu niile dị na ;
onye mba ọzọ
enweghị edozi asụsụ na n'ihi nke a mkpụrụedemede na mkpụrụedemede anyị ụda agbakwunyere na ha, ma ọ bụ otu ụda ahụ anaghị anọchi anya ya mgbe niile Ugbu a ihe anyị na-arịọ maka bụ, ụfọdụ usoro otu ngwakọta nke akwụkwọ ozi. nke mbipụta na ide ihe, nke otu ụda na-enwe mgbe niile akara, na otu akara nwere mgbe niile otu ụda na nke a anyị na-akpọ, " mgbe ebipụtara, PHONOTYPY, site na "foni," olu, na tipos," pịnye mgbe, ;
;
;
nke
ugbu a nkịtị,
"heturos" usoro
ọzọ,
ma ọ bụ ụdị mbipụta ọzọ,
na "nkwụsị"
ụdị.
bụ
Mgbe ole
akpọrọ heterotypy, sitere na
anyị na-akpọ ụdị a ide; nke ọzọ
edere,
FONOGRAPHY, sitere na "foni," na "graft"
N'ezie heterography. Anyị na-akwado arịrịọ a style nke ide ịbụ pụrụiche dị iche iche nke mkpoputa a na-ahụ na English asụsụ na-anọchi anya otu ụda, na vice verd. Anyị anaghị eme nkwupụta ọ bụla na ihe egwu; anyị dị njikere ugbu a iji gosi mpụ nke
"
lese orthografie," nnukwu aghụghọ megide mkpoputa ziri ezi, ruo n'ókè kachasị egwu na nke a na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya, megidere asụsụ anyị, dịka abụọ ndị a. " Na tebụl mbụ, na-aga tebụl ga-egosi. Nnọchite anya Heterotypic anyi nwere were nke na-ada ụda na English ka anyị na-atụ aro ka na-ada," nke Bekee 2> na-anọchi anya ha na Phonotypy,< na n'aka nri nke ọ bụla akara anyị na-enye
akara, nke a na-eji heterographically mee ihe n'okwu dị iche iche na n'oge dị iche iche iji nọchite anya ụda ndị a, na-esote okwu ndị ahụ n'onwe ha. Akwụkwọ ozi nke ụda nke akara ndị a na-arụ ọrụ.
Nke a ọ dị ka egosipụtara ma ọ bụ akọwahieghị ya, ebipụtara ya na italic. gosi ihe phonotypes anyị pụtara; mana n'ime iji mee ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti heterotypy na phonotypy karịa pụtara ìhè, anyị ga-enye nnochite anya phonotypic nke okwu ọ bụla ahọpụtara table ga-eje ozi mgbe ahụ ka
Na Phonographic Journal, Nke 3, maka March, 1842, ajụjụ nke Nke mbụ bụ Maazị Isaac Pitman gbara ya ume. N'August, 1843, ọ ghọrọ maara onye dere akwụkwọ nta a, kemgbe oge ahụ, ha abụọ arụwo ọrụ ọnụ na mkpụrụedemede, na ụfọdụ obere enyemaka ndị ọzọ. A malitere ibi akwụkwọ na Jenụwarị 1844; mkpụrụedemede ka emechara n'April, ma bipụta ya n'ime 1845. nke dum nke na June, oge, unremitting nlebara anya na-akwụ na N'oge na-arụ ọrụ nke mkpụrụ akwụkwọ, na ọtụtụ nnwale nwalere. Anyị kwuru ka gosi na anyi bụ ọ bụghị a cruden ma ọ bụ atụmatụ echereghị ọha na eze. nke a, àjà enyekwala nkọwa ọ bụla gbasara ụda olu, nke a ga-enwerịrị ntụaka maka ya emere n'akwụkwọ ntuziaka Mr. Pitman. O zuru ezu ikwupụta na, n'adabereghị na ya uru dị ka usoro nke phonetic ide, ọ na-etolite mgbe etinyere na English laqWe nwere afọ ojuju nke gnage, kacha dị irè obere aka ma chepụtara. na-agbakwụnye na a na-enwekarị ekele maka ya, ebe a na-ere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 150,000 phonographic, na akwụkwọ ntuziaka n'onwe ya na-erekwa 2,000 na-aga n'ihu ugbu a. oyiri a onwa; na onye nta akụkọ nke ụda olu, nke edere kpamkpam na chanum phonographic 2000 racter, ndị debanyere aha kwa ọnwa. Maka ozi gbasara ọganihu nke foto foto, a ga-enwerịrị ntụaka na akụkụ " ọgụgụ isi" nke PhonoIn Akwụkwọ akụkọ. mkpa ụdị akwụkwọ nta, anyị na-akwado naanị ịse foto n'elu akara (2.)
phonotypy bụ
Anyị
nke
na-enye nnochi anya ụda ụda ziri ezi nke asụsụ Bekee, na, ya mere Pliouotypy na nke a Nke nkwanye ùgwù na-emetụtakwa ụda olu. onye na-agụ ga-tind a mere e nyere maka nnukwu ihe dị iche na-ewu nke pho" mkpụrụedemede notu na phonographic, n'ime Alphabet of Nature,” akụkụ 3, p. 184. As ihe na-achọ ịmata ihe, enwere ike ikwu na onye nbipute etinyela ya bido akwụkwọ nta a site na oyiri aka dị mkpụmkpụ. ya
n'ihu,
ihe na-emetụta
