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ARABIC
ARABIC.
r/hatu '/-• Anih. Arabia bụ ala
UJO ilitYoroul tribu.s, niile hrancliiiig si otu nne na nna azuokokoosisi.
(Lee Abii'l-Fida ; Gagiiior's Vie de Mulio- imt ; Pocock, S/iecin. Arab. Higt. ; kwuru Ahmad Kh"iii's Essgi/s; Sale's /Lom«, Prelim. Dis : Crichton's Hist. Anibia.)
Li.miiu.-'l-'Arab; Lii- Asụsụ oge gboo nke ịbụ asụsụ nke Kor'an, na nke Omenala Muhammad, na n’ihi ịdịmma ya na-enweghị atụ bụ calicd ajiiJ <(l-/i((/li'ili, ma ọ bụ •• asụsụ ahụ." (Lee Koran, Surah xvi. 105, •• Ha na-ekwu. N'ezie : onye m na-akuziri ya [i.r. Muhammad]. Ma ire onye tlioy ntumodu di mba ọzọ, ebe a [ya bụ. QurTin] dị larịị Arabic))
A na-akpọkarị asụsụ oge gboo a, site na ndị Arab n'onwe ha, asụsụ nke Ma-add, na asụsụ Muzar, na ọ bụ ngwakọta nke ọtụtụ olumba nwanne, nke ukwuu mgbe dilYcring n'etiti onwe ha, nke a na-ekwu n'ime ụwa dum Peninsula n'ihu okpukpe nke Muhamniad kpaliri mba ahụ ịgbasa mmeri ya ndị agha na-achị mba ọzọ. Tupu nke ahụ l)oriod, esemokwu n’etiti ebo nile, n’ogologo oke nke ókèala ha, nwere tupu weputara ngwakọta nke olumba ha n'otu asụsụ edo ; biit a mmetụta nke diunion e megidere ya n'ụzọ dị ukwuu site na ntọala nke ọnwa dị nsọ, nke ihe niile emechibidoro omume iro nke ukwuu, na site n'ije-ije nke afọ, na nke afọ ngosi emere na -Ukaz. nke ndị na-ede uri nke ebo dị iche iche gbara aka maka meed nke mmasị n'ozuzu.
Qatadah kwuru na ndị Quraish na-emebu
chepụta ihe kacha mma na olumba nke Arabia, nke mere na olumba ha ghọrọ kacha mma. Otú ọ dị, nkwupụta a abụghị kpam kpam ziri ezi, maka ọtụtụ ụmụaka nke ebo Quraish, n'oge Muham- ara, ezigara n'ọzara ka ọ nọ n'ebe ahu ara, iji nweta ike ịdị ọcha nke okwu. Muhammad hiuisclf e zigara ka e bute > n'etiti ebo nke Sa'd ibn Bakr ibn Hawa/in, umu nke Muzar, ma ọ bughi n'usoro nke Kuraish; na ya ekwuru na agbaala eziokwu nke ịbụ ya a Quraish, ma tolitekwa n'etiti ebo Sa-d, dika ala nke ya na-ekwu na ọ kacha dị ọcha n'okwu nke Ndị Arab. Ụfọdụ na ọ bụ asụsụ nke E ji akara kacha elu mara Ma'add nke pei-fection, copiousness, na miiformity, na oge nke Muhammad, n'agbanyeghị ward jụrụ.
Asụsụ nke Kuran bụ n'ụwa niile kwetara na ọ bụ ụdị kachasị mma nke okwu Arabic. N'otu oge ahụ anyị ga- echefula na nkwenye na-ekwu nke Kor'an ka ọ bụrụ okwu ọnụ nke Ịdị nsọ emewo ka ọ ghara ikwe omume maka onye ọ bụla Muslim ịkatọ ọrụ ahụ, ma ọ bụrụ- bia ọkọlọtọ liy whicli ọzọ edemede a ga-ekpe ikpe ndị mejupụtara. (Lee nke Lane Okwu mmalite nke Aihir Dirtiomiry ya. na Palmer's (nke ọma.)
al-a'rai<^ AKWỤKWỌ NDỊ ARABIC. Nke mbụ
Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Arabic bụ nke a na-ahụkarị Enyere ya al-Khalil, ma kpọọ Kitabi'l 'Anya. Ndị a bụ ndị kasị celeln-atcd Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Arabic com]) osod mgbe •An>.
The ./'imhani/i, nke Ibn Duraid dere, nwụrụ .v.H. ;521.
The Tahzll), nke al-Azhari. anwụ a.h. o70.
Onye Muhlt. nke Sahib Ibn-Abbad, nwụrụ A.H. ;}85.
Onye Mujmal. nke Ibn I'Tiris dere. anwụ A.u. :lJ5.
The SiluVi, nke il-Jauhaii. anwụ A.n. :5!)8.
The .'/(iini-, nke al-Qa/.za/,. nwụrụ A.ii. 412.
The Mit-ab. nke Al)fi (Jlialib, nwụrụ ...H. -loC.
Mnhbnn, nke Ibn Sidah, nwụrụ A.u. 458.
Ax (i.<. nke az-Zamakhshari. nwụrụ A.u. 538.
y[ii<ilnib. nke al-Mutarrizi. anwụ a.ii.
CIO.
The -Ubiib. l) y a.s-Sagliani. anwụ A.u. UGO. LisuHu'f-'Ami), nke Ibn Mukarrani dere, dicd
..ii. 711.
The T (i/izlbn 't-T<ihz'ib, nke Mahmud at- Tanfikhi. anwụ a.h. 723.
Tlio Misbfi/i. nke Ahmad ibn :VIuhammad al-Faiyfimi. chịkọtara A.u. 7 "U.
Tho Mu (/hni 'l-LabU>, nke Ibn llisham. nwụrụ A.u. 7 (jl.
The ildmu.-!. nke al-Fairuzabfuli. anwụ A.u.
810.
The Sihdh (ka Maazị Lane kwuru na okwu mmalite ya
na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ya), so na 1)ooks nke lexicology dị ka " S<ihih nke Al-Bnhhnn n'etiti akwụkwọ nke omenala; maka isi ihe nke na-atụgharị aha na ịdabere na ya abụghị nke oke nke mkpokọta, ulo ulo tion nke ezi na izi ezi.
Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu abụọ ama ama, achịkọtara na ya oge a na Hindustan, bụ (JihidxK '/- LiKjhat, nke Maulawi Ghiyii.su 'd-din nke Ram- pur, na Muntnha '/-'Arab, nke -Abdu 'r- Rahim ibn-Abdu 'l-Karlm nke Saflpur. Ndị a bụ ma akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Arabic na Persian.
Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Arabic-Latin nke .Jacob Golius, nke e bipụtara na Leyden. a.d 1053; nke Freytag na Halle, a.d. 1830-35.
Arabic-English na English-Arabic akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu dị -
Persian Richardson- Arabic-Bekee, a.d.
1777.
Bekee-Persian-Arabic nke Richardson, a.d.
1810.
Persian Francis Johnson- Arabic-Bekee.
O.A. n’afọ 1852.
Catafago's Arabic-Bekee na Bekee- Arabic, mbipụta ọhụrụ, IS7:'>.
Lane's Arabic-Bekee, a.d. 1803 ruo 1882.
ezughị okè.
Dr. Badger Bekee-Arabic, a.d. 1881. Dr. Stcingass Bekee- Arabic, AD 1882.
AL-A'RAF (^V^^). (1) Nke
nkebi n'etiti eluigwe na hell, kọwara na Koran, Surah vii. 44, '• N'etiti abụọ (heaven and hell) e nwere nkebi; na na al-A'raf bụ ndị ikom maara ihe niile site na akara ha; + ha ga-etikukwa ndị bi na ya Paradi.se, 'Udo diri gi!' (ma) ha abanyebeghị (ma) n'ime ya, n'agbanyeghị na ha mere ọchịchọ. Na mgbe anya ha na-atụgharị chere Ndi bi n'ime oku ka ha na-asi, • Onye-nwe-ayi,
