๐—ด‚๐—นญ๐—‚ง๐˜œถ๐˜ž๐—ƒ›๐—‰”๐—ฟฃ๐—ฟท๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐——™๐˜†๐˜ž

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๐—ด‚๐—นญ๐—‚ง๐˜œถ๐˜ž๐—ƒ›๐—‰”๐—ฟฃ๐—ฟท๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐——™๐˜†๐˜ž (Record of the Spiritual Pagoda at Liรกngzhลu in the Great Kingdom of the White and Lofty)
The Tangut text of the bilingual (Chinese and Tangut) stele which was erected on the 15th day of the 1st month of the 5th year of the Tiฤnyรฒu Mรญn'ฤn ๅคฉ็ฅๆฐ‘ๅฎ‰ era (3rd February 1094 in the Julian calendar) in commemoration of repairs to a pagoda that once stood in the grounds of the Hรนguรณ Temple (่ญทๅœ‹ๅฏบ Hรนguรณsรฌ) in Liรกngzhลu ๆถผๅทž (modern Wว”wฤ“i ๆญฆๅจ in Gฤnsรน). Rubbing of the Tangut inscription on the Liรกngzhลu bilingual stele. Transcription based on Nishida 1964.

ใ€Š๐—ฟข๐—ฟฃ๐—ฟท๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐——™๐˜†๐˜žใ€‹

ใ€Š๐—ด‚๐—นญ๐—‚ง๐˜œถ๐˜ž๐—ƒ›๐—‰”๐—ฟฃ๐—ฟท๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐——™๐˜†๐˜žใ€‹

๐˜Š›๐—‡‹๐˜˜š๐—ธฏ๏ผŒ๐—…ฒ๐—บ‰๐—…‚๐—น‘ใ€๐—ฃผ๐˜‰๐—…‚๐—กผ๐—ผƒ๐—ก™๏ผŒ๐—ฆพ๐—‘น๐—ง๐—ซฆ๐˜’ฃ๏ผŒ๐—น๐˜š๐˜“Ÿ๐—ฃทโ–กโ–กโ–กใ€‚๐˜Š›๐—‡‹๐˜˜š๐—ธฏ๏ผŒ๐—ช’๐—ฝทใ€๐—พˆ๐—ท†ใ€๐˜’ฉ๐—จ™ใ€๐˜’๐—ฆณ๐—…‚๐—น‘๐—ซฆโ–กโ–กโ–ก๐˜†„๐˜’ฃ๏ผŒ๐—ซฆ๐˜šโ–กโ–กโ–กโ–ก๐—ฐฐโ–กโ–กใ€‚

๐—Œœ๐—Žซ๐— ’๐—‚ฅ๐—…‹๐—š›๐˜“๐˜Ÿ‚๐—ซถ๏ผŒ๐˜šถ๐—ขต๐˜„ฉ๐—˜ด๐˜œ‘๐—ƒฑ๐—€ธ๐—€ธ๐—น๐—…‹๐—ฟใ€‚

๐—’˜๐˜“ท๐—ฐœ๐˜•ฟ๐—…‹๐—ฏ—๐˜“๐˜Ÿ‚๐—ซถ๏ผŒ๐˜”ผ๐—ถป๐—ก๐—‚†๐—ทซ๐—งน๐˜‘„๐˜ฅ๐—…‹๐—ท๐—ฌใ€‚

๐—Œฎ๐—ˆฆ๐—ช™๐˜‡๏ผŒ๐—ค๐—ต˜๐˜†—๐˜šข๐˜‹ข๐—ฅค๐—ฆป๐˜œ˜ใ€‚

๐—ผƒ๐˜’ฉ๐—ฝ€๐˜œผ๏ผŒ๐˜••๐—ฏ๐—ฆŽ๐˜ˆง๐—นฌ๐˜Ÿฃ๐˜Žณ๐—จ™ใ€‚

๐—จ๐—ฏจ๐—ฉพ๐—ดด๏ผŒ๐—ˆช๐—–Œ๐—ญ๐—ญ๐—ถท๐—‡‹๐˜‡ฒใ€‚

๐—คข๐—ทฉ๐˜”๐—ด๏ผŒ๐—กž๐—•‘๐˜šพ๐˜šพ๐—ซก๐—‡‹๐—†ทใ€‚

๐—ˆ๐—ผ[1]๐—ˆ๐—„ˆ๐—ˆ๐—…‹๐—ซฉ๏ผŒ๐—ฑ•๐—ขณ๐—ฏจ๐˜‚ค๐˜‚€๐—š‰๐——Ž๐—ฅž๐—‹š๐—งŠ๐—œ“ใ€‚

๐˜ฆ๐—ˆ๐˜ฆ๐—ฐฑ๐˜ฆ๐—…‹๐˜‡ฒ๏ผŒ๐˜‰’๐˜€บ๐—ฌ๐—‚ง๐—ต’๐˜—๐˜›ƒ๐—€”๐—ฃผ๐—ซจ๐—ต†ใ€‚

๐—ต’๐—ขธ๐˜ˆฉ๐—™๐—ฃผ๐—‘พ๐˜Žช๏ผŒ๐—ดฎ๐—–ต๐—„Š๐—ฅค๐—…ด๐˜š ๐—Œ—๐—ฐ›๐˜˜š๐˜™Ž๐—จปใ€‚

๐˜›ฝ๐˜…œ๐—ฎ…๐—œ“๐—น๐—ขž๐—Œป๏ผŒ๐—น™๐—ฏ๐—„Š๐—ซก๐—ฏด๐—ˆฆ๐—‹ฟ๐˜‡š๐—”€๐—ดบ๐˜Ÿ‚ใ€‚

๐—ฆŽ๐—ซป๐—ท๐—ฆซ๏ผŒ๐—ค๐—Œ—๐——š๐—ฅฎ๐—„ป๐—ฉพ๐˜œถใ€‚

๐—ฅค๐˜ฆ๐˜›ฝ๐—ฟ๏ผŒ๐—ˆช๐˜—ฝ๐—ฎ…๐—‘ฑ๐—ขบ๐—„Š๐˜‹ใ€‚

๐—–ป๐—ฟฃ๐˜œ๐—ช ๐˜ƒช๏ผŒ๐—ดง๐—ดง๐˜ˆฌ๐—ฆบ๐˜•ฟ๐˜™Œ๐˜ƒฝใ€‚

๐—š‰๐—ช™๐—ผ•๐—ท๐—ˆž๏ผŒ๐—Œฎ๐—Œฎ๐˜›ฃ๐˜ฟ๐—’˜๐—‹š๐˜†จใ€‚

๐—ƒ›๐—‰”๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐—ซ‚๐— ๐˜‰๐˜Ÿ™๐˜›ฃ๐˜ฟ๐—‹š๐˜ท๏ผŒ๐˜“บ๐—€”๐˜“บ๐—ฏด๐˜‰‹๐—•‘๐—ฅƒ๐—กž๐˜›ฃ๐˜ฟ๐—” ใ€‚

๐˜Žช๐˜™‡๐˜••๐˜‚ค๐—Žซ๐—‘‰๐˜›ฃ๐˜ฟ๐—” ๐˜š๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐—’˜๐˜“๐˜Ÿ‚๐—ซถ๏ผŒ๐—žž๐˜Š‰[2]๐—นช๏ผŒ๐˜‘ฒ๐˜…ง๐—นฆ๐—ผ“๐˜ƒก๐˜จ๏ผŒ๐—ณบ๐—€”๐—Žญ๐—ƒต๐˜™‡๐˜ƒก๏ผŒ๐—‹•๐—ƒ›๐—‰”๐˜ˆซ๐˜ƒฃ๐—“ท๐—ฆป๐˜Ÿ‚ใ€‚๐˜‘ฒ๐˜…ง๐——™๐˜‘ฒ๐˜„ฑ๐—œซ๐˜Ÿ™๐˜›ƒ๐—‹š๐—’๐—Œญ๐—Žญ๐—ƒต๐—‹š๐—ซฉ๏ผŒ๐—…๐˜“๐—น–๐—œ‘[3]๐—Œฝ๐—พค๏ผŒ๐—’น๐—‘๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐˜™‡๐˜ƒกใ€‚๐—‹•๐—…‰๐—ƒ›๐—‰”๐—ผ‡๐——™๐—žž๐—จป๐—˜Œ๐˜‚ณ๐˜ƒš๐—‡ใ€‚๐—ผ•๐˜•ค๐—ดฟ๐—’€๐—ฟ๐˜ฆ๐˜™‡๐—œ“๏ผŒ๐—‚ง๐˜ž๐—ฃฉ๐—ฌค๐˜š๐˜Ÿ‚ใ€‚๐—ช˜๐˜™‡๐˜ƒก๐—ค€๐˜Œฝ๐˜“บ๐—ผ•๐˜‚€๐—ดด๐—›ด๐——ป๐—๐—ค’๐—…‰๐˜™Œ๐—ซก๐˜‰‹๐˜Š๐—ซ๐—ฐ—๐—ค’๐˜ƒฝ๐—ญŠ๐—ฐ›๐˜…๐—จปใ€‚๐—…‰๐˜œถ๐—ต๐—ซ๐—ค’๐—…๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐—ž๐˜Šน๐˜†„๐—žžโ–ก[4]ใ€‚๐—ฅฎ๐—‘—๐˜“บ๐—จบ๐˜œนใ€๐˜…ž๐—นผ๐—๐˜“บ๐˜‹จ๐˜†„๐˜‹ ๐˜‹ ๐—ฑฝ๐˜žน๏ผŒ๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๐—…๐˜†„๐˜™Œ๐˜’ซ๏ผŒ๐—ก๐—ˆด๐—…๐˜๐—‡๐——Ÿ๐˜…๏ผŒ๐—คผ๐—ฏด๐˜šถ๐˜œถ๐—ญช๐—ขต๐˜—ฃ๐—ฅฆ๐—ผƒ๐—‰ƒ๐—‹š๐—œ“ใ€‚๐—นฆ๐˜›บ๐—‹•๐—กถ๐—‹š๐—ˆž๐—ช˜๐—Š๐—žž๐—จปใ€‚๐—…‰๐˜œถ๐—ต๐˜‰‹๐—ค’๐˜ƒ‚๐˜‚œ๐˜ž๐—คถ๐˜“ท๐—Œฝ๐—ฑฝ๏ผŒ๐˜’๐˜œถ๐—ˆช๐—„ˆโ–กโ–ก[5]๐˜™Œ๐—นฐ๏ผŒ๐˜€๐˜’๐—ƒ›๐—‰”๐˜™Œ๐—†ใ€‚๐—‹•๐˜จ๐˜šถ๐—ฐž๐˜‘„๐˜‘„๐˜Ž†๐—…๐—œˆ๐˜–‘๐—ฉฏ๏ผŒ๐—‰ƒ๐˜‰๐˜‡Ÿ๐˜‡Ÿ๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐—‹ช๐—นฐ๏ผŒ๐—ซ๐˜’๐—‹•๐—กถ๐˜’š๐—ถฒ๏ผŒ๐˜Œฝ๐˜ฐ๐—‚ฅ๐—‹š๐˜’Ž๐˜–‘๐˜œ•ใ€‚๐—‹•๐—…‰๐—ฃผ๐—ฏฟ๐˜“บ๐—จบ๐˜œนใ€๐—ธฏ๐—‘—๐˜“บ๐˜‹จ๐˜†„๐—‚ง๐˜ž๐—‹š๐—œˆใ€‚๐—…‰๐—ฃ๐˜“บ๐—ชš๐—…ฒ๐—งฏ๐—ซ๐—ค’๐—…๏ผŒ๐˜ˆ˜๐˜ˆ˜๐—ž”๐˜‚๐—…–๐˜ˆˆ๐˜“ž๐˜ž๐˜†„๐—…‹๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—Ÿปใ€‚๐˜‚œ๐˜‚ค๐—ซ๐˜Ž[6]ใ€‚๐˜“บ๐—จบ๐˜œน๐˜ต๐—Œฎ๐˜†ฆ๐—ฅฆ๐—ˆช๐—งŠ๏ผŒ๐—‰˜๐˜จ๐—คผ๐—ฏด๐—‰ƒ๐˜‰๐—˜Œ๐—˜Œ๐˜ƒž๐—งŠ๐˜ƒž๐—ˆžใ€‚๐—ญผ๐˜‰•๐˜†‚๐—พ”๐—‹š๐—Š๏ผŒ๐˜‚œ๐——™๐—ผป๐˜’Ž๐˜™Œ๐˜ƒฝ๐˜Šฐ๐˜œถ๐—žž๐˜ƒกใ€‚๐˜€„๐—ช˜๐—ช˜๐—ก๐—ก๐—งธ๐˜™‡๐—œ“๐—ซ‚๐—„Š๐˜Œฝ๐˜‚ค๐˜Žช๐˜š๐—ค‹ใ€‚๐˜€„๐—ขž๐—ฟ๐˜ฆ๐˜œ”๐—ขถ๏ผŒ๐—ช˜๐—–๐˜“๐˜…๐—ด๐—ฉฏ๐—‹š๐—œ“ใ€‚๐˜Œฝ๐—Š๐—พŸ๐˜œถ๐—ฃ€๐˜‰๐—ฟท๐—–ต๏ผŒ๐—‹•๐—ƒ›๐—‰”๐—ต’๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐—ซ‚๐—ค’๐˜œ๐˜™Œ๐—ฆŽ๐˜šถ๐—‚น๐—ผฎ๐—‚†๐˜ž…๐—ฅท๐—žž๐—ฐ–ใ€‚๐˜‡๐—‚ฃ๐—ผป๐—ฝพ๐—ฟ’๐—žž๐˜ƒก๏ผŒ๐— ๐˜Š‰[2]๐—ž๐˜„ฏ๐˜Ÿ€๐—–ต๏ผŒ๐—ฃผ๐—ฏฟ๐˜“บ๐—จบ๐˜œนใ€๐—ธฏ๐—‘—๐˜“บ๐˜‹จ๐˜†„๐—จ๐—ผ•๐˜˜–๐˜‰๐˜†๐—คข๐˜Œ…๐˜Ÿฃ๐—˜Ž๐—ฆซ๏ผŒ๐—ค๐˜ž๐—“ฝ๐—•ฅ๐—–ต๐˜ƒก๏ผŒ๐—ผ•๐—“ฐ๐˜œถ๐˜“ž๐—–ต๐—ญใ€‚๐—ผƒ๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๐˜™Œ๐˜’ซ๐˜‹ ๐—…๐—ฐ–๐—„ญ๏ผŒ๐˜“บ๐—ผ•๐˜‚€๐—ดด๐˜ƒ ๐—ฟผ๐—ฅƒ๐—ค’๐—ค๐—ผ‘๐—ฐญ๐—ซ๐—พž๐—…๐˜…ซ๐—…๐˜ใ€‚๐—‹•๐—ก๐—‚ฃ๐—ฉญ๐—ผ‘๐—ฐญ๐—๐—พž๐—…๐˜…ซ๐—žž๐˜ƒชใ€‚

๐˜—ฃ๐—ค“๐—’น๐—‘๐—’น๐—ณฆ๐—ซจ๏ผŒ๐—นธ๐—กฎ๐—ฅƒ๐˜…ž๐—ฅƒ๐—ฒŒ๐˜†‰ใ€‚

๐— ๐—†”๐—ฝ๐—ฅฏ๐—ฟผ๐˜Žƒ๐—Š๏ผŒ๐—ต’๐—ฅฆ๐—ž๐—ฒˆ๐—ฉš๐—ฉš๐—ตใ€‚

๐—˜Ž๐—คช๐—กฎ๐˜†ก๐—ฉ”๐—ฉ”๐—Š๏ผŒ๐˜•พ๐—ฉจ๐˜Žธ๐—ƒ…๐˜‡๐˜‡๐˜ณใ€‚

๐—ซจ๐—นฐ๐˜ฉ๐—ฉ”๐˜‰๐˜‰•๐˜‰•๏ผŒ๐—ณƒ๐˜‚ฌ๐˜‹ข๐—ฅคโ–ก๐—คช๐—คชใ€‚

๐—ˆช๐˜ž๐—ƒต๐—นจ๐—ทš๐—˜๐˜‘„๏ผŒ๐—’น๐—€ ๐˜จ๐˜—ฃโ–กโ–ก๐—กนใ€‚

๐—†ง๐—‰–๐˜ž„๐˜‚ฌ๐—คป๐—ฏณ๐—ฏณ๏ผŒ๐˜€„๐˜“„๐—ž”๐˜‚…[7]๐—ญผ๐—‡๐—‡ใ€‚

๐—น™๐˜”ฎ๐˜‹ ๐˜‹ ๐—„ญ๐˜™‡๐˜๏ผŒ๐—ดฟ๐˜›‡๐˜ƒž๐˜ƒž๐˜“ณ๐—‹š๐—ฃทใ€‚

๐—ขณ๐——™๐—น๐—ซป๏ผš๐—ต’๐—˜ฎ๐—ฐ—๐—๐—ฌ๏ผ›๐—ต’๐—ด‚๐—๐—ฐ—๐—ฌ๏ผ›๐—Šฌ๐—ฌซ๐—ฌผ๐˜Žฑ๐—ค๐—ฐ—๐˜–™๏ผ›๐—ญ€๐—ญ„๐˜‰…๐—ฌป๐˜ž…๐—’น๐—ฐ—๐˜ž ๏ผ›๐—กž๐˜˜˜๐˜”ญใ€‚

๐——†๐——™๐—น๐—ซป๏ผš๐—ฅƒ๐˜— ๐—ฝˆ๐—ถ[8]๏ผ›๐—กž๐˜˜˜๐˜”ญ๏ผ›๐—กž๐˜˜”๐—ตž๐˜ŒŽ๐˜†„๐—‹š๐—ซฉใ€‚

๐—‹•๐—ค’๐—ฐญ๐—๐—พž๏ผŒ๐—น๐—‘—๐—น‘๐—ƒ›๐—‚ˆ๐—Ž€๐—กใ€๐˜“น๐—ฑฝ๐—…‚๐—น‘๐—ผš๐—˜‚๐—ต’๐˜†„๐˜™Œ๐˜’ซ๐—ก™๐—Šฑ๐˜™‡๐˜ƒก๐—Ÿป๏ผŒ๐˜œถ๐—ฅฉ๐—กš๐˜ƒก๏ผŒใ€Š๐—น™๐˜Žช๐˜•‹๐—“๐—šฉ๐˜’Ž๐˜‡ก๐˜’จ๐—”‡๐—–ฐ๐—šฉใ€‹๐——ˆ๐˜†–ใ€‚๐˜—‹๐—Œ—๐˜••๐—ฐ—๐˜‰‹๐˜“๐—ˆถ๐—Ÿญ๐—คท๐˜‰๏ผŒ๐—๐—ฐ—๐—ฅƒ๐˜“๐—ž”๐—คป๐—‰ƒ๐—ญผ๐˜‹ ๐˜‹ ๐—ฑฝ๐˜žน๏ผŒ๐— ‡๐—ก„๐—‘—๐—‹ฝ๐˜ƒž๐˜ƒž๐—…‹๐—…จใ€‚๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๐—ฃซ๐—ฟ’๐—…๐˜“๐˜‹ ๐˜•พ๐˜†„๐——™๐˜‰€๐˜„ข๐˜ต๐—ฏฉ๐—คข๐—นญ๐—–ต๐—ฎ…๐—งธ๐—žž๐˜“ฏใ€‚

๐—๐—ฉจ๐˜€„๐—‹‘๏ผŒ๐—ซˆ๐—ซˆ๐—ฑข๐—ฅฏ๐—ต’๐˜‰๐—ฟผใ€‚

๐˜••๐˜—ฝ๐—ฑ•๐—ขณ๏ผŒ๐˜ˆš๐˜ˆš๐˜™Œ๐—นฐ๐—ผƒ๐—‰ƒ๐—œ“ใ€‚

๐˜ˆฉ๐—‘๐—ˆช๐˜›ต๏ผŒ๐—ชŸ๐—ผป๐—ต˜๐——๐—คถ๐˜…Ž๐˜‡คใ€‚

๐—’น๐—€ ๐—‘ท๐—ธธ๏ผŒ๐—ผ•๐˜„กโ–ก๐˜œ˜๐—ขณ๐—Žญ๐—ซกใ€‚

๐˜“บ๐—ฏด๐—ฅฆ๐—ฐž๏ผŒ๐˜”๐—ซ‰๐—ซ๐——™๐—ผ•๐˜•ค๐˜šใ€‚

๐˜„†๐—€”๐˜…ž๐˜”š๏ผŒ๐˜๐—ทผ๐—ฑ๐——™๐—ฃฉ๐—ฌค๐˜Ÿ‚ใ€‚

๐—ฐ—๐˜‰‹๐˜˜๐—ทฉ๏ผŒ๐˜’๐—จ™๐˜‹ข๐—‹๐—ง๐—‡˜๐˜œ˜ใ€‚

๐—ฅƒ๐—ฐ—๐—ขญ๐—ท–๏ผŒ๐—ซ‰๐—ดด๐—•ฟ๐—คณ๐˜Ÿ ๐—ซก๐—ถนใ€‚

๐˜••๐—ฏ๐—Žœ๐—คผ๏ผŒ๐˜„ก๐—‰ƒ๐—ˆช๐˜Ÿ…๐—„Š๐˜Ÿ€๐—ดใ€‚

๐—ซ”๐˜Žณ๐˜Ÿ ๐——š๏ผŒ๐˜Ÿ›๐—‹ป๐—ฑข๐˜‡ก๐—„Š๐—Œ—๐—”ฉใ€‚

๐—ผƒ๐—Žญ๐˜ƒก๐˜›ต๏ผŒ๐—ฃผ๐˜‰๐—พŸ๐˜œถ๐˜œ„๐—ชญ๐—ค‹ใ€‚

๐˜จ๐˜—ฃ๐—นข๐˜ƒช๏ผŒ๐—ชญ๐—ฆซ๐˜ž๐˜‹๐—ฅฎ๐—ง๐—นญใ€‚

๐˜ˆ‘๐˜›ฝ๐—…‹๐—ฅ›[9]๏ผŒ๐˜”ท๐˜š–๐—ฝต๐—นจ๐—ต๐—””๐—Šใ€‚

๐˜“๐—คท๐—…‹๐—น๏ผŒ๐—‘‰๐—Š๐˜Œž๐˜‰•๐—ดฒ๐—คป๐—ฏฎใ€‚

๐˜ˆˆ๐—ซฉ๐˜ˆƒ๐˜ณ๏ผŒ๐˜••๐˜šข๐˜“ท๐—ฒ ๐—ง˜๐—„Š๐—ฅคใ€‚

๐˜‹ผ๐—คถ๐—ฌข๐—ธ๏ผŒ๐—ซ๐—Ž˜๐—…‹๐—œˆ๐—ณ†๐˜‹Ÿ๐˜•ฅใ€‚

๐˜“ž๐˜Ÿ™๐˜›ƒ๐—ฌข๐—“ฆ๏ผŒ๐—Žด๐˜ด๐˜›š๐—””๐—Š๐˜˜‚๐˜—๐—ซพ[10]ใ€‚

๐—พˆ๐—‰ฃ๐—ฏฟ๐˜ƒž๏ผŒ๐˜™ฎ๐—ด€๐—ต’๐——š๐—Š๐—น๐—ญŠ๐—ขƒใ€‚

๐˜ƒก๐˜ƒกโ–ก๐˜Ÿฃ๏ผŒ๐—‰ฃ๐˜‰ฅ๐—ชบ๐˜‰ฅ๐—ผ„๐˜Š๐——ใ€‚

๐—ฆข๐—ฆข๐—ฆซ๐˜‡ฒ๏ผŒ๐—ขณ๐—ดฟ๐—น™๐—ดฟ๐˜•ค๐˜—๐˜œ˜ใ€‚

๐˜šถ๐—ผฎ๐—ฟณ๐—„ผ๏ผŒ๐˜ŒŽ๐˜จ๐˜˜‚๐—ต†ใ€‚

๐—ผป๐—Ž˜๐—ชš๐—…†๏ผŒ๐˜‚€๐—š‰๐—ชš๐—ดดใ€‚

๐—น™๐—ง˜๐—“ฐ๐—พŸ๏ผŒ๐—‰ฃ๐—Žซ๐—…‹๐˜œถใ€‚

๐—ฃƒ๐˜พ๐˜ˆง๐˜‰ฅ๏ผŒ๐˜„ก๐˜“๐˜…‡๐—ฅ‰ใ€‚

๐—ฃผ๐—ญ๐—น๐˜ƒค๏ผŒ๐—ช˜๐—ฒœ๐—ฃณ๐—ฃข๐—’ป๐˜ฆ๐˜†ใ€‚

๐—น ๐—ฆป๐—น ๐—ฆป๏ผŒ๐—ก๐˜ˆ‘๐—ฆพ๐—ฉฏ๐˜˜‚๐˜ˆง๐˜Žชใ€‚

๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐—‡๐˜“๐—ก™๐˜…๐˜ƒก๐˜†„๐—€”๏ผŒ๐—ˆช๐——„๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๐—ฑฝ๐˜ฌ๐—น‘๐—‘›๐˜ž๐˜’๐—ฆณ๐——Ž๐˜„ฟ๐—‚ธ๐—ฃต๐˜†๐—ต’ใ€‚

๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐—‡๐˜“๐—ก™๐˜…๐˜ƒก๐˜†„๐—€”๏ผŒ๐—ˆช๐——„๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๐—ฆ–๐˜›‚๐—ฑฝ๐˜ฌ๐—น‘๐—ผƒ๐—ก™๐—ฟฃ๐—ฟท๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐˜†„๐—ฏด๐—ฆพ๐—‘น๐—–ฐ๐—ฅค๐—– ๐—ซ”[11]๐—‚ธ๐—ฐ”๐—ฃ ๐—ณŸใ€‚

๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐—‡๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๐—ฃซ๐—ฆ–๐˜›‚๐—ฑฝ๐˜ฌ๐˜’ฉ๐—จ™๐—–ค๐—‚…๐—‚ธ๐˜‚ฏ[12]๐—ญด๐˜Žถ๐˜„„ใ€‚

๐—ฟฃ๐—ฟท๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐—ฏด๐˜€๐˜‚œ๐—ซ๐—ค›๐—ฆพ๐—‘น๐˜”š๐˜‹ณ๐—– ๐—ซ”[11]๐—‚ธ๐—™ข๐—น๐˜•‚๐˜€„ใ€‚

๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐—‡๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๐—ฃซ๐—ผƒ๐˜žถ๐—ฟท๐—Žญ๐—ฏด๐—– ๐˜ฟ๐˜”š๐˜‹ณ๐—‚ธ๐—จž๐—ช[13]๐—ต†๐—ด‚ใ€‚

๐—…๐˜“๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๐—ฃซ๐—ฟฃ๐—ฟท๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐—ฏด๐˜‚œ๐—ค›๐—– ๐˜ฟ๐˜”š๐˜‹ณ๐—– ๐—ซ”[11]๐—œ€๐—ถƒ๐—“”ใ€‚

๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐—‡๐—…๐˜“๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๐—ฃซ๐—ฟฃ๐—ฟท๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐˜‚œ๐—ค›๐—– ๐—กผ๐˜”š๐˜‹ณ๐—ฅป๐—ถƒ๐—˜ฌใ€‚

๐—ฝ”๐˜—ฃ๐—‡๐—ฝ๐—…๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๐—ฟท๐—ฆณ๐˜‘ฒ๐—†๐˜„„ใ€‚

๐—…๐˜“๐——™๐—ฑฝ๐˜žน๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๐—ฅป๐—ฅผ๐—„ฝใ€‚

๐˜…ค๐—‡‹๐˜ˆ–๐—–ต๐—ง๐—‘พ๐—…ฒ๐˜†–๐˜“ฎ๐—ท‘๐—‚ธ๐—Š™๐—ผจ๐—†Ÿ[14]๐˜€„ใ€‚

๐˜‚œ๐˜†๐˜ž๐˜…ค๐—‡‹๐˜‚œ๐—šท๐—Ÿ“๐˜‚ค๐—ฅต๐—ฃณ๐—‚ธ๐˜‘ฒ๐——ฏ๐—ฌใ€‚

๐˜”š๐—ด‚๐—…๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๐—ฃซ๐—– ๐—ซ”[11]๐˜™ฆ๐—ถƒ๐—บใ€‚

๐— ๐—…๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๐—ฃซ๐—– ๐—ซ”[11]๐—œ€๐—ถƒโ–ก[15]ใ€‚

๐—™ฒ๐˜„๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๐—– ๐—ซ”[11]๐˜žจ๐—„ตโ–ก[16]๐—พใ€‚

๐˜“บ๐—ผ•๐˜‚€๐—ดด๐—›ด๐——ป๐—ง€๐—๐—ค’๐—ฉญ๐—ผ‘๐—›ด๐——ป๐—ฐญ๐—๐——๐˜‹‡๐—พž๐—ก™๐˜…๐˜ƒชใ€‚

๐—ฑธ๐—ถ[8]๐—ฅฆ๐˜ฟ๏ผš๐—ฃ•[17]๐—งฏ๐˜„„๐˜๏ผŒ๐—•Œ๐˜™ˆ[18]๐˜‚†๏ผŒ๐—ฐน๐—ถƒ[19]๐—ธน๏ผŒ๐—ฅด๐—˜„๐—ฆป๏ผŒ๐—ฟ๐˜‹…๐˜’™๏ผŒ๐—พ๐—•‘๐—กž๏ผŒ๐—ฐน๐˜Žซ๐˜„„๐—ฐน๐—งŠ๐—Ÿฌ[20]๐—ฐน๐—ฅผ๐—ฃ€๐—ญด๐—‘ƒ๐˜ƒปใ€‚๐˜†ก๐—…๏ผš๐˜ป๐˜œณ๐—–[21]ใ€‚๐˜Ÿช๐—…๏ผš[...]ใ€‚[22]

Notes[edit]

  1. โ†‘ Nishida gives โฟฒ๐˜ขŒ๐˜ ž๐˜คŠ with no reading. Based on the rubbing of the inscription, the character should probably be ๐—ผ.
  2. โ†‘ 2.0 2.1 Nishida gives ๐˜Š‹ (ส™วษ”ษฆ), but with the reading kษ›ฬฃ. Based on the reading and context, the correct character should be ๐˜Š‰ (kษ›ฬฃ).
  3. โ†‘ Nishida gives โฟฐ๐˜ก”๐˜ช—๐—›• with reading pa lu, but based on the rubbing of the inscription, the characters should be ๐—น–๐—œ‘ (lu pa).
  4. โ†‘ Nishida gives โฟฒ๐˜ ๐˜งฉ๐˜ ด with no reading. The rubbing of the inscription does not clearly show what the character should be.
  5. โ†‘ Nishida gives โฟฒ๐˜ก–๐˜ขฐ๐˜ขทโฟฒ๐˜ขŒ๐˜กก๐˜ฅฆ with no readings. The two characters are not clear in the rubbing of the inscription, and cannot be identified from context.
  6. โ†‘ Nishida gives โฟฑ๐˜ขธโฟฐ๐˜ข‰๐˜คฌ with no reading, but the rubbing of the inscription shows ๐˜Ž.
  7. โ†‘ Nishida gives ๐—ฐฒ, but this character is not attested in any other source, and from context the character should be ๐˜‚….
  8. โ†‘ 8.0 8.1 Nishida gives โฟฐ๐˜ก”๐˜ฆณ with no reading. The correct character should be ๐—ถ.
  9. โ†‘ Nishida gives โฟฒ๐˜ฆˆ๐˜ขŒ๐˜ ข with no reading. Based on the rubbing of the inscription, the character should be ๐—ฅ›.
  10. โ†‘ Nishida's reading of the second small-sized character as ๐—ซพ (ล‚ษช) 'hare' seems doubtful, but it is not clear enough to identify in the rubbing of the inscription.
  11. โ†‘ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 Nishida writes ๐—– ๐—ซ” as ๐—– ๐—ฟท, but the rubbing of the inscription shows ๐—– ๐—ซ” which is the correct form of the word.
  12. โ†‘ Nishida gives ๐—ฃง, but this is not a Tangut family name character. The rubbing of the inscription appears to show ๐˜‚ฏ which is a Tangut family name character.
  13. โ†‘ Nishida gives ๐—ฅบ๐—ช with reading ล‹ษฃษ› kวษ›, but this must be a mistake for the Tangut family name ๐—จž๐—ช.
  14. โ†‘ Nishida gives ๐˜›ฃ with reading ลกia and gloss 'ๅ', but based on Nishida's gloss and the rubbing of the inscription it should be ๐—†Ÿ.
  15. โ†‘ Nishida gives โฟฑ๐˜ €โฟฒ๐˜ ๐˜ขŒ๐˜ ข with no reading, but the character is illegible on the rubbing of the inscription.
  16. โ†‘ Nishida gives โฟฑ๐˜กŠโฟฐ๐˜ จ๐˜คพ with no reading, but the character is illegible on the rubbing of the inscription.
  17. โ†‘ Nishida gives as โฟฐ๐˜ฆณโฟฑ๐˜ €๐˜ขŒ.
  18. โ†‘ Nishida gives as โฟฐ๐˜ฆณ๐˜ฅฎ.
  19. โ†‘ Nishida gives as ๐—กญ.
  20. โ†‘ Nishida gives as โฟฒ๐˜กซ๐˜ฆˆ๐˜ ข.
  21. โ†‘ Nishida gives only ๐˜œณ, but the rubbing of the inscription shows it is followed by another small-sized character, apparently ๐—–.
  22. โ†‘ The bottom left corner of the inscription is missing, and the remaining characters have been lost.

Sources[edit]

  • Nishida Tatsuo ่ฅฟ็”ฐ้พ้›„. "่ฅฟๅคๆ–‡ ๆถผๅทžๆ„Ÿๆ‡‰ๅก”็ข‘ๆ–‡ ่งฃ่ฎ€" = "A Decipherment of the Hsi-Hsia Inscription on the Kan-ying Tower in Liang-chou dated 1094 A.D."; in ่ฅฟๅค่ชžใฎ็ ”็ฉถ = A Study of the Hsi-hsia Language Vol. I (1964) pp. 156โ€“176.
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