๐ด๐นญ๐ง๐ถ๐๐๐๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐๐
๐ด๐นญ๐ง๐ถ๐๐๐๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐๐ (Record of the Spiritual Pagoda at Liรกngzhลu in the Great Kingdom of the White and Lofty) |
The Tangut text of the bilingual (Chinese and Tangut) stele which was erected on the 15th day of the 1st month of the 5th year of the Tiฤnyรฒu Mรญn'ฤn ๅคฉ็ฅๆฐๅฎ era (3rd February 1094 in the Julian calendar) in commemoration of repairs to a pagoda that once stood in the grounds of the Hรนguรณ Temple (่ญทๅๅฏบ Hรนguรณsรฌ) in Liรกngzhลu ๆถผๅท (modern Wวwฤi ๆญฆๅจ in Gฤnsรน). Rubbing of the Tangut inscription on the Liรกngzhลu bilingual stele. Transcription based on Nishida 1964. |
ใ๐ฟข๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐๐ใ
ใ๐ด๐นญ๐ง๐ถ๐๐๐๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐๐ใ
๐๐๐๐ธฏ๏ผ๐ ฒ๐บ๐ ๐นใ๐ฃผ๐๐ ๐กผ๐ผ๐ก๏ผ๐ฆพ๐น๐ง๐ซฆ๐ฃ๏ผ๐น๐๐๐ฃทโกโกโกใ๐๐๐๐ธฏ๏ผ๐ช๐ฝทใ๐พ๐ทใ๐ฉ๐จใ๐๐ฆณ๐ ๐น๐ซฆโกโกโก๐๐ฃ๏ผ๐ซฆ๐โกโกโกโก๐ฐฐโกโกใ
๐๐ซ๐ ๐ฅ๐ ๐๐๐๐ซถ๏ผ๐ถ๐ขต๐ฉ๐ด๐๐ฑ๐ธ๐ธ๐น๐ ๐ฟใ
๐๐ท๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ ๐ฏ๐๐๐ซถ๏ผ๐ผ๐ถป๐ก๐๐ทซ๐งน๐๐ฅ๐ ๐ท๐ฌใ
๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ช๐๏ผ๐ค๐ต๐๐ข๐ข๐ฅค๐ฆป๐ใ
๐ผ๐ฉ๐ฝ๐ผ๏ผ๐๐ฏ๐ฆ๐ง๐นฌ๐ฃ๐ณ๐จใ
๐จ๐ฏจ๐ฉพ๐ดด๏ผ๐ช๐๐ญ๐ญ๐ถท๐๐ฒใ
๐คข๐ทฉ๐๐ด๏ผ๐ก๐๐พ๐พ๐ซก๐๐ทใ
๐๐ผ[1]๐๐๐๐ ๐ซฉ๏ผ๐ฑ๐ขณ๐ฏจ๐ค๐๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ง๐ใ
๐ฆ๐๐ฆ๐ฐฑ๐ฆ๐ ๐ฒ๏ผ๐๐บ๐ฌ๐ง๐ต๐๐๐๐ฃผ๐ซจ๐ตใ
๐ต๐ขธ๐ฉ๐๐ฃผ๐พ๐ช๏ผ๐ดฎ๐ต๐๐ฅค๐ ด๐ ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐จปใ
๐ฝ๐ ๐ฎ ๐๐น๐ข๐ป๏ผ๐น๐ฏ๐๐ซก๐ฏด๐ฆ๐ฟ๐๐๐ดบ๐ใ
๐ฆ๐ซป๐ท๐ฆซ๏ผ๐ค๐๐๐ฅฎ๐ป๐ฉพ๐ถใ
๐ฅค๐ฆ๐ฝ๐ฟ๏ผ๐ช๐ฝ๐ฎ ๐ฑ๐ขบ๐๐ใ
๐ป๐ฟฃ๐๐ช ๐ช๏ผ๐ดง๐ดง๐ฌ๐ฆบ๐ฟ๐๐ฝใ
๐๐ช๐ผ๐ท๐๏ผ๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐๐๐จใ
๐๐๐ฝ๐ฃ๐ซ๐ ๐๐๐ฃ๐ฟ๐๐ท๏ผ๐บ๐๐บ๐ฏด๐๐๐ฅ๐ก๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ ใ
๐ช๐๐๐ค๐ซ๐๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ ๐๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐๐๐ซถ๏ผ๐๐[2]๐นช๏ผ๐ฒ๐ ง๐นฆ๐ผ๐ก๐จ๏ผ๐ณบ๐๐ญ๐ต๐๐ก๏ผ๐๐๐๐ซ๐ฃ๐ท๐ฆป๐ใ๐ฒ๐ ง๐๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ซ๐๐๐๐๐ญ๐ญ๐ต๐๐ซฉ๏ผ๐ ๐๐น๐[3]๐ฝ๐พค๏ผ๐น๐๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐กใ๐๐ ๐๐๐ผ๐๐๐จป๐๐ณ๐๐ใ๐ผ๐ค๐ดฟ๐๐ฟ๐ฆ๐๐๏ผ๐ง๐๐ฃฉ๐ฌค๐๐ใ๐ช๐๐ก๐ค๐ฝ๐บ๐ผ๐๐ดด๐ด๐ป๐๐ค๐ ๐๐ซก๐๐๐ซ๐ฐ๐ค๐ฝ๐ญ๐ฐ๐ ๐จปใ๐ ๐ถ๐ต๐ซ๐ค๐ ๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐น๐๐โก[4]ใ๐ฅฎ๐๐บ๐จบ๐นใ๐ ๐นผ๐๐บ๐จ๐๐ ๐ ๐ฑฝ๐น๏ผ๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ ๐๐๐ซ๏ผ๐ก๐ด๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๏ผ๐คผ๐ฏด๐ถ๐ถ๐ญช๐ขต๐ฃ๐ฅฆ๐ผ๐๐๐ใ๐นฆ๐บ๐๐กถ๐๐๐ช๐๐๐จปใ๐ ๐ถ๐ต๐๐ค๐๐๐๐คถ๐ท๐ฝ๐ฑฝ๏ผ๐๐ถ๐ช๐โกโก[5]๐๐นฐ๏ผ๐๐๐๐๐๐ใ๐๐จ๐ถ๐ฐ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ฉฏ๏ผ๐๐๐๐๐ฝ๐ฃ๐ช๐นฐ๏ผ๐ซ๐๐๐กถ๐๐ถฒ๏ผ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ฅ๐๐๐๐ใ๐๐ ๐ฃผ๐ฏฟ๐บ๐จบ๐นใ๐ธฏ๐๐บ๐จ๐๐ง๐๐๐ใ๐ ๐ฃ๐บ๐ช๐ ฒ๐งฏ๐ซ๐ค๐ ๏ผ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ปใ๐๐ค๐ซ๐[6]ใ๐บ๐จบ๐น๐ต๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ฅฆ๐ช๐ง๏ผ๐๐จ๐คผ๐ฏด๐๐๐๐๐๐ง๐๐ใ๐ญผ๐๐๐พ๐๐๏ผ๐๐๐ผป๐๐๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ถ๐๐กใ๐๐ช๐ช๐ก๐ก๐งธ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ฝ๐ค๐ช๐๐คใ๐๐ข๐ฟ๐ฆ๐๐ขถ๏ผ๐ช๐๐๐ ๐ด๐ฉฏ๐๐ใ๐ฝ๐๐พ๐ถ๐ฃ๐๐ฟท๐ต๏ผ๐๐๐๐ต๐ฝ๐ฃ๐ซ๐ค๐๐๐ฆ๐ถ๐น๐ผฎ๐๐ ๐ฅท๐๐ฐใ๐๐ฃ๐ผป๐ฝพ๐ฟ๐๐ก๏ผ๐ ๐[2]๐๐ฏ๐๐ต๏ผ๐ฃผ๐ฏฟ๐บ๐จบ๐นใ๐ธฏ๐๐บ๐จ๐๐จ๐ผ๐๐๐๐คข๐ ๐ฃ๐๐ฆซ๏ผ๐ค๐๐ฝ๐ฅ๐ต๐ก๏ผ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ถ๐๐ต๐ญใ๐ผ๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐๐ซ๐ ๐ ๐ฐ๐ญ๏ผ๐บ๐ผ๐๐ดด๐ ๐ฟผ๐ฅ๐ค๐ค๐ผ๐ฐญ๐ซ๐พ๐ ๐ ซ๐ ๐ใ๐๐ก๐ฃ๐ฉญ๐ผ๐ฐญ๐๐พ๐ ๐ ซ๐๐ชใ
๐ฃ๐ค๐น๐๐น๐ณฆ๐ซจ๏ผ๐นธ๐กฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ใ
๐ ๐๐ฝ๐ฅฏ๐ฟผ๐๐๏ผ๐ต๐ฅฆ๐๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ตใ
๐๐คช๐กฎ๐ก๐ฉ๐ฉ๐๏ผ๐พ๐ฉจ๐ธ๐ ๐๐๐ณใ
๐ซจ๐นฐ๐ฉ๐ฉ๐๐๐๏ผ๐ณ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฅคโก๐คช๐คชใ
๐ช๐๐ต๐นจ๐ท๐๐๏ผ๐น๐ ๐จ๐ฃโกโก๐กนใ
๐ง๐๐๐ฌ๐คป๐ฏณ๐ฏณ๏ผ๐๐๐๐ [7]๐ญผ๐๐ใ
๐น๐ฎ๐ ๐ ๐ญ๐๐๏ผ๐ดฟ๐๐๐๐ณ๐๐ฃทใ
๐ขณ๐๐น๐ซป๏ผ๐ต๐ฎ๐ฐ๐๐ฌ๏ผ๐ต๐ด๐๐ฐ๐ฌ๏ผ๐ฌ๐ฌซ๐ฌผ๐ฑ๐ค๐ฐ๐๏ผ๐ญ๐ญ๐ ๐ฌป๐ ๐น๐ฐ๐ ๏ผ๐ก๐๐ญใ
๐๐๐น๐ซป๏ผ๐ฅ๐ ๐ฝ๐ถ[8]๏ผ๐ก๐๐ญ๏ผ๐ก๐๐ต๐๐๐๐ซฉใ
๐๐ค๐ฐญ๐๐พ๏ผ๐น๐๐น๐๐๐๐กใ๐น๐ฑฝ๐ ๐น๐ผ๐๐ต๐๐๐ซ๐ก๐ฑ๐๐ก๐ป๏ผ๐ถ๐ฅฉ๐ก๐ก๏ผใ๐น๐ช๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ก๐จ๐๐ฐ๐ฉใ๐๐ใ๐๐๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ถ๐ญ๐คท๐๏ผ๐๐ฐ๐ฅ๐๐๐คป๐๐ญผ๐ ๐ ๐ฑฝ๐น๏ผ๐ ๐ก๐๐ฝ๐๐๐ ๐ จใ๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฃซ๐ฟ๐ ๐๐ ๐พ๐๐๐๐ข๐ต๐ฏฉ๐คข๐นญ๐ต๐ฎ ๐งธ๐๐ฏใ
๐๐ฉจ๐๐๏ผ๐ซ๐ซ๐ฑข๐ฅฏ๐ต๐๐ฟผใ
๐๐ฝ๐ฑ๐ขณ๏ผ๐๐๐๐นฐ๐ผ๐๐ใ
๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ต๏ผ๐ช๐ผป๐ต๐๐คถ๐ ๐คใ
๐น๐ ๐ท๐ธธ๏ผ๐ผ๐กโก๐๐ขณ๐ญ๐ซกใ
๐บ๐ฏด๐ฅฆ๐ฐ๏ผ๐๐ซ๐ซ๐๐ผ๐ค๐ใ
๐๐๐ ๐๏ผ๐๐ทผ๐ฑ๐๐ฃฉ๐ฌค๐ใ
๐ฐ๐๐๐ทฉ๏ผ๐๐จ๐ข๐๐ง๐๐ใ
๐ฅ๐ฐ๐ขญ๐ท๏ผ๐ซ๐ดด๐ฟ๐คณ๐ ๐ซก๐ถนใ
๐๐ฏ๐๐คผ๏ผ๐ก๐๐ช๐ ๐๐๐ดใ
๐ซ๐ณ๐ ๐๏ผ๐๐ป๐ฑข๐ก๐๐๐ฉใ
๐ผ๐ญ๐ก๐ต๏ผ๐ฃผ๐๐พ๐ถ๐๐ชญ๐คใ
๐จ๐ฃ๐นข๐ช๏ผ๐ชญ๐ฆซ๐๐๐ฅฎ๐ง๐นญใ
๐๐ฝ๐ ๐ฅ[9]๏ผ๐ท๐๐ฝต๐นจ๐ต๐๐ใ
๐๐คท๐ ๐น๏ผ๐๐๐๐๐ดฒ๐คป๐ฏฎใ
๐๐ซฉ๐๐ณ๏ผ๐๐ข๐ท๐ฒ ๐ง๐๐ฅคใ
๐ผ๐คถ๐ฌข๐ธ๏ผ๐ซ๐๐ ๐๐ณ๐๐ฅใ
๐๐๐๐ฌข๐ฆ๏ผ๐ด๐ด๐๐๐๐๐๐ซพ[10]ใ
๐พ๐ฃ๐ฏฟ๐๏ผ๐ฎ๐ด๐ต๐๐๐น๐ญ๐ขใ
๐ก๐กโก๐ฃ๏ผ๐ฃ๐ฅ๐ชบ๐ฅ๐ผ๐๐ใ
๐ฆข๐ฆข๐ฆซ๐ฒ๏ผ๐ขณ๐ดฟ๐น๐ดฟ๐ค๐๐ใ
๐ถ๐ผฎ๐ฟณ๐ผ๏ผ๐๐จ๐๐ตใ
๐ผป๐๐ช๐ ๏ผ๐๐๐ช๐ดดใ
๐น๐ง๐ฐ๐พ๏ผ๐ฃ๐ซ๐ ๐ถใ
๐ฃ๐พ๐ง๐ฅ๏ผ๐ก๐๐ ๐ฅใ
๐ฃผ๐ญ๐น๐ค๏ผ๐ช๐ฒ๐ฃณ๐ฃข๐ป๐ฆ๐ใ
๐น ๐ฆป๐น ๐ฆป๏ผ๐ก๐๐ฆพ๐ฉฏ๐๐ง๐ชใ
๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐๐ก๐ ๐ก๐๐๏ผ๐ช๐๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฑฝ๐ฌ๐น๐๐๐๐ฆณ๐๐ฟ๐ธ๐ฃต๐๐ตใ
๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐๐ก๐ ๐ก๐๐๏ผ๐ช๐๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฆ๐๐ฑฝ๐ฌ๐น๐ผ๐ก๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐ฏด๐ฆพ๐น๐ฐ๐ฅค๐ ๐ซ[11]๐ธ๐ฐ๐ฃ ๐ณใ
๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฃซ๐ฆ๐๐ฑฝ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ค๐ ๐ธ๐ฏ[12]๐ญด๐ถ๐ใ
๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐ฏด๐๐๐ซ๐ค๐ฆพ๐น๐๐ณ๐ ๐ซ[11]๐ธ๐ข๐น๐๐ใ
๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฃซ๐ผ๐ถ๐ฟท๐ญ๐ฏด๐ ๐ฟ๐๐ณ๐ธ๐จ๐ช[13]๐ต๐ดใ
๐ ๐๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฃซ๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐ฏด๐๐ค๐ ๐ฟ๐๐ณ๐ ๐ซ[11]๐๐ถ๐ใ
๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐ ๐๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฃซ๐ฟฃ๐ฟท๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐ค๐ ๐กผ๐๐ณ๐ฅป๐ถ๐ฌใ
๐ฝ๐ฃ๐๐ฝ๐ ๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฟท๐ฆณ๐ฒ๐๐ใ
๐ ๐๐๐ฑฝ๐น๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฅป๐ฅผ๐ฝใ
๐ ค๐๐๐ต๐ง๐พ๐ ฒ๐๐ฎ๐ท๐ธ๐๐ผจ๐[14]๐ใ
๐๐๐๐ ค๐๐๐ท๐๐ค๐ฅต๐ฃณ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐ฌใ
๐๐ด๐ ๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฃซ๐ ๐ซ[11]๐ฆ๐ถ๐บใ
๐ ๐ ๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ฃซ๐ ๐ซ[11]๐๐ถโก[15]ใ
๐ฒ๐๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๐ ๐ซ[11]๐จ๐ตโก[16]๐พใ
๐บ๐ผ๐๐ดด๐ด๐ป๐ง๐๐ค๐ฉญ๐ผ๐ด๐ป๐ฐญ๐๐๐๐พ๐ก๐ ๐ชใ
๐ฑธ๐ถ[8]๐ฅฆ๐ฟ๏ผ๐ฃ[17]๐งฏ๐๐๏ผ๐๐[18]๐๏ผ๐ฐน๐ถ[19]๐ธน๏ผ๐ฅด๐๐ฆป๏ผ๐ฟ๐ ๐๏ผ๐พ๐๐ก๏ผ๐ฐน๐ซ๐๐ฐน๐ง๐ฌ[20]๐ฐน๐ฅผ๐ฃ๐ญด๐๐ปใ๐ก๐ ๏ผ๐ป๐ณ๐[21]ใ๐ช๐ ๏ผ[...]ใ[22]
Notes[edit]
- โ Nishida gives โฟฒ๐ข๐ ๐ค with no reading. Based on the rubbing of the inscription, the character should probably be ๐ผ.
- โ 2.0 2.1 Nishida gives ๐ (สวษษฆ), but with the reading kษฬฃ. Based on the reading and context, the correct character should be ๐ (kษฬฃ).
- โ Nishida gives โฟฐ๐ก๐ช๐ with reading pa lu, but based on the rubbing of the inscription, the characters should be ๐น๐ (lu pa).
- โ Nishida gives โฟฒ๐ ๐งฉ๐ ด with no reading. The rubbing of the inscription does not clearly show what the character should be.
- โ Nishida gives โฟฒ๐ก๐ขฐ๐ขทโฟฒ๐ข๐กก๐ฅฆ with no readings. The two characters are not clear in the rubbing of the inscription, and cannot be identified from context.
- โ Nishida gives โฟฑ๐ขธโฟฐ๐ข๐คฌ with no reading, but the rubbing of the inscription shows ๐.
- โ Nishida gives ๐ฐฒ, but this character is not attested in any other source, and from context the character should be ๐ .
- โ 8.0 8.1 Nishida gives โฟฐ๐ก๐ฆณ with no reading. The correct character should be ๐ถ.
- โ Nishida gives โฟฒ๐ฆ๐ข๐ ข with no reading. Based on the rubbing of the inscription, the character should be ๐ฅ.
- โ Nishida's reading of the second small-sized character as ๐ซพ (ลษช) 'hare' seems doubtful, but it is not clear enough to identify in the rubbing of the inscription.
- โ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 Nishida writes ๐ ๐ซ as ๐ ๐ฟท, but the rubbing of the inscription shows ๐ ๐ซ which is the correct form of the word.
- โ Nishida gives ๐ฃง, but this is not a Tangut family name character. The rubbing of the inscription appears to show ๐ฏ which is a Tangut family name character.
- โ Nishida gives ๐ฅบ๐ช with reading ลษฃษ kวษ, but this must be a mistake for the Tangut family name ๐จ๐ช.
- โ Nishida gives ๐ฃ with reading ลกia and gloss 'ๅ', but based on Nishida's gloss and the rubbing of the inscription it should be ๐.
- โ Nishida gives โฟฑ๐ โฟฒ๐ ๐ข๐ ข with no reading, but the character is illegible on the rubbing of the inscription.
- โ Nishida gives โฟฑ๐กโฟฐ๐ จ๐คพ with no reading, but the character is illegible on the rubbing of the inscription.
- โ Nishida gives as โฟฐ๐ฆณโฟฑ๐ ๐ข.
- โ Nishida gives as โฟฐ๐ฆณ๐ฅฎ.
- โ Nishida gives as ๐กญ.
- โ Nishida gives as โฟฒ๐กซ๐ฆ๐ ข.
- โ Nishida gives only ๐ณ, but the rubbing of the inscription shows it is followed by another small-sized character, apparently ๐.
- โ The bottom left corner of the inscription is missing, and the remaining characters have been lost.
Sources[edit]
- Nishida Tatsuo ่ฅฟ็ฐ้พ้. "่ฅฟๅคๆ ๆถผๅทๆๆๅก็ขๆ ่งฃ่ฎ" = "A Decipherment of the Hsi-Hsia Inscription on the Kan-ying Tower in Liang-chou dated 1094 A.D."; in ่ฅฟๅค่ชใฎ็ ็ฉถ = A Study of the Hsi-hsia Language Vol. I (1964) pp. 156โ176.